缩略形式的选取单位及其分析

缩略是一种语言形式的变化,它从原词语中选用部分形式组成一个新形式表示与原词语相同的意思。在缩略过程中,选取的形式有的有单独表意能力,有的没有,这表明,缩略过程中选择的是形式片段而不语义单位。     

The future of PR is ‘fantastic’, ‘friendly’ and ‘funny’: Occupational stereotypes and symbolic capital in entry-level job advertisements

Over the past decade, there has been a move towards examining public relations as a socio-cultural practice, acknowledging practitioners as influential communicators who produce and symbolise cultural values through public relations messages. Ideally, a diverse group of professionals would aide in representing a diverse society, but to date, the profession remains female dominated. In this article, it is proposed that practitioners’ own discourse do not only establish what is most valued in the occupation and which habitus suits the practice best, but that the discourse also opens and closes occupational entry for new practitioners thereby contributing to a lack of diversity.This article presents the findings of an indicative thematic content analysis of one of the most common, yet under-research sites of discourse, namely entry-level job advertisements in New Zealand and Australia. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the analysis found that the advertisements placed little to no emphasis on the nature of the work, instead focusing on elements of ‘fit’ whereby new entrants were expected to be charismatic, friendly, and willing to work in an environment that is ‘fun’ and ‘flexible’. In doing so, public relations practitioners tacitly created invisible barriers, a self-limiting occupational culture and furthered existing stereotypes of the ‘perfect’ practitioner.     

文学理论的学术突围与创新努力——2010年度文艺学学术热点扫描

2010年文艺学研究热点具有前所未有的新质。对伯明翰学派和文化研究的研究不再停留在口号上的宣传和只言片语的引用,无论是在学术史研究还是方法论反思上均有重要进展;文学理论的建构主义与本质主义之争也不再各执己见而是更加开放与包容;围绕实践存在论美学的争论尽管波涛汹涌,却也已显出退潮之意;与之相反,对文学与形式问题感兴趣的学者却在平心静气的不争论中共同推动研究的深入。     

词义演变与字形分化

汉字是汉语词义的外部表现形式,词义是汉字形体具体体现的内容。词义的发展会推动汉字字形的发展。字形发展的一个很重要途径是形体的分化,这种分化同时又是汉字系统内部的协调和发展。汉字字形分化有异体字分工和造分化字两种类型。     

中国古典文本中的法律形式

本文运用“制定法”、“判例”与“法律解释”三个范畴对中国古典文本中的法律形式的源流和演变进行了梳理,指出在古代中国,尽管三种法律形式的含义和作用不同,但是它们很早以来就是并存的。由于三种法律形式之间的互补,使中国传统法律维持了稳定性和灵活性。     

跨学科视域下诗学通感隐喻的哲学基础及审美特征

象征主义认为客观世界不是无生命的对象。它特别关注人与其他生命的关系,寻求人与自然的融合。通感隐喻被象征派诗人发挥到登峰造极的程度,成为其语言风格的标志。象征主义对通感隐喻为何如此青睐?本文运用文学批评和认知语言学理论,通过分析象征派诗歌中通感隐喻的认知机制、哲学基础及审美特征,阐释其中的缘由。     

Citizen Support for Hospital Privatization: A Hierarchical Cross-National Analysis

The movement for a new public management (NPM) holds that citizens will put aside partisan and ideological differences to support more efficient service delivery. Focusing on hospital privatization, a multi-national sample is utilized to investigate this assertion. Generalized hierarchical linear modeling (GHLM) is employed as the method of statistical analysis. The findings with regard to privatizing hospitals reveal that citizens develop their policy position by reference to a combination of symbolic political variables, service demand, self-interest, information levels, and political efficacy. The results cast doubt on the assertion that partisan differences will be set aside as citizens consider privatization reforms.

论美国革命时期的诸邦立宪

围绕立宪权力的归属问题,美国各邦在大陆会议框架内展开了充分的辩论。在大陆会议的指导下,各邦相继完成了宪法的制定,其立宪方式呈现出多样性。各邦宪法确立了新的共和政体,行政权受到遏制,司法机构未成为独立的政府分支,形成了议会专权的权力格局。在议会内部,众议院独揽大权,参议院未能成为制衡众议院的力量。     

Parental spanking and subsequent risk for child aggression in father-involved families of young children

This study examined separate and combined maternal and paternal use of spanking with children at age 3 and children's subsequent aggressive behavior at age 5. The sample was derived from a birth cohort study and included families (n = 923) in which both parents lived with the child at age 3. In this sample, 44% of 3-year-olds were spanked 2 times or more in the past month by either parent or both parents. In separate analyses, being spanked more than twice in the prior month at age 3, by either mother or father, was associated with increased child aggression at 5 years. In combined analyses, there was a dose–response association; the greatest risk for child aggression was reported when both parents spanked more than twice in the prior month (adjusted odds ratio: 2.01; [confidence interval: 1.03–3.94]). Violence prevention initiatives should target and engage mothers and fathers in anticipatory guidance efforts aimed at increasing the use of effective and non-aggressive child discipline techniques and reducing the use of spanking.     

Firefighters across frontiers: two fire brigades cooperating in the Dutch–German borderland

This article focuses on boundaries as symbolic constructs to overcome structural impediments to cooperation in a borderland constituted by two nation states – Germany and the Netherlands – that, from a global perspective, may be regarded as close cultural neighbours. Empirically, the vicissitudes of cross‐border cooperation are analysed at the level of a Dutch and a German fire brigade in adjacent borderland villages. The diminishing visibility of borders does not necessarily lead to more openness, but gives rise to the emergence of socially constructed symbolical boundaries, which has major effects on issues of national identity and loyalty within organizations operating in trans‐border spaces. Cultural differences can complicate processes of transnational coordination, harmonization, and negotiation. However, cooperation and trust, based on an affinity with a local culture in borderlands, may provide a more stable fundament for successful common ventures than do regulations enacted by state authorities. Addressing the question of how processes of transnationalization affect inter‐organizational cooperation, this article describes and analyses the ways in which European integration, national bureaucracies and cultural similarities and differences form partly converging and partly conflicting forces in cooperative efforts in the Dutch–German borderland.