The relationship between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age

A large literature demonstrates the direct and indirect influence of health on socioeconomic attainment, and reveals the ways in which health and socioeconomic background simultaneously and dynamically affect opportunities for attainment and mobility. Despite an increasing understanding of the effects of health on social processes, research to date remains limited in its conceptualization and measurement of the temporal dimensions of health, especially in the presence of socioeconomic circumstances that covary with health over time. Guided by life course theory, we use data from the British National Child Development Study, an ongoing panel study of a cohort born in 1958, to examine the association between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age. We apply finite mixture modeling to identify distinct trajectories of health that simultaneously account for timing, duration and stability. Moreover, we employ propensity score weighting models to account for the presence of time-varying socioeconomic factors in estimating the impact of health trajectories. We find that, when poor health is limited to the childhood years, the disadvantage in socioeconomic attainment relative to being continuously healthy is either insignificant or largely explained by time-varying socioeconomic confounders. The socioeconomic impact of continuously deteriorating health over the life course is more persistent, however. Our results suggest that accounting for the timing, duration and stability of poor health throughout both childhood and adulthood is important for understanding how health works to produce social stratification. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between confounding and mediating effects of time-varying socioeconomic circumstances.     

今本《竹书纪年》纂辑考

今本《竹书纪年》的原本出于唐代,是开元间整理国家藏书时,由当时所保存的古本《竹书纪年》不完本及历来所积存的一些附录性注释资料,统加整理、改编和增补而纂辑成书的。其年历主要依据僧一行的《大衍历》推排确定,并加入了干支纪年。此即《旧唐书·经籍志》和《新唐书·艺文志》所著录的《竹书纪年》14卷本,而全书实未有定稿。宋代尚存此本,南宋乾道间编制的《中兴馆阁书目》著录为《竹书》,而已复有残缺。驯至明代,整理者合并其卷次,又将原本的附录材料散入本文之下,遂成今本《竹书纪年》2卷。今本的史料多有增改,年代亦多有错误,但它的大部分内容条目还是承古本《纪年》而来的,且并未完全突破古本原载的夏、商、西周年代框架,因此在古史研究和上古年代学上仍具有不可忽视的价值。     

一段令人缅怀的批评史——重读1946至1949年的西方文论经典

1946至1949年西方文论的丰硕成果,为我们书写了一段令人缅怀的批评史。短短几年间,竟有如此众多的批评经典竞相问世,而且每一部都非同凡响,的确堪称批评史上的一个奇迹。尽管那一代批评家早已风流云散,但他们的批评论著却至今依然闪烁着思想的光辉,给我们以深刻的启迪。而奥尔巴赫的《摹仿论》、布鲁克斯的《精制的瓮》、利维斯的《伟大的传统》、韦勒克和沃伦的《文学理论》,无疑堪称"经典中的经典",代表了这段批评史的主导倾向。     

Opinions toward suicide: Cross-national evaluation of cultural and religious effects on individuals

This study evaluates the role that religious and cultural values have on individual opinions toward suicide worldwide. Using multilevel modeling with data from the fourth wave of the World Values Survey (42,299 individuals in 43 countries), the current study is designed to analyze the effect of individual (i.e., micro-level), and country (i.e., macro-level) characteristics on opinions toward suicide. Specifically, cultural values, religious affiliation, religious importance, and church attendance are analyzed at both the individual and country levels to evaluate the impact of individual and country level effects on opinions toward suicide. The results show that individual opinions toward suicide are influenced by individual belief as well as by the cultural and religious characteristics of their country. The results suggest that evaluation of individual opinions toward controversial behavior should account for the unique and cross-interaction effects of micro- and macro-level effects.     

学《诗》以言,魅力倍增——略谈《论语》对赋比兴手法的运用

《论语》既有直接对《诗》的引用,也有对其赋比兴表现方法的运用。无论是哪种运用,都能使人感悟到《诗》的美感和作用。＂诗言志＂,表达的是情感,来自于形象思维,这种文学的思维与美术的思维颇为一致,都是对事物形象的描绘。《论语》学《诗》以言,语言表达技巧高超、魅力倍增。     

企业社会责任社会性之经济法分析

社会性是企业社会责任的本质特征。对企业社会性的认识是深入探究企业社会责任之社会性特征的逻辑前提,企业社会责任的社会性特征决定了其由道德责任层面上升至法律责任层面的必然。在研究法律责任范畴内的企业社会责任理论时,要充分认识到其社会性特征与经济法的产生发展轨迹、国家干预理论、社会本位理念等法理命题之间所具有的内在联系,强调应当以其社会性特征为主线,通过运用关联性分析方法,去发现企业社会责任理论的真实存在与经济法责任理论的相关性,以及企业社会责任形态的特殊性,从而为企业社会责任之实现寻找理论依据和现实依据。     

《全宋诗》误收重出考辨及补遗

《全宋诗》的出版是一项巨大工程,其补充完善也是一个长期的过程。披阅众多订补文章,笔者又得误收1首,重出17首,补遗11条。     

论小说《第七个十字架》中的现实与表达

《第七个十字架》是安娜＆#183;西格斯创作生涯中的一部重要作品,作者通过对主人公流亡过程的戏剧性描述,反映出纳粹独裁统治下德国社会的现状及弱势群体从惶恐到觉醒的心路历程.作为现实主义作家,安娜＆#183;西格斯的文学创作不可避免地被烙上现实主义印记,但她又不完全囿于现实主义的束缚,在小说中力求呈现的并不是僵硬的历史记忆,而是带有主观神秘色彩的社会现实中自我意识的觉醒.     

论《白虎通义》的经学特色

《白虎通义》的经学思想有着鲜明的时代特色。在《白虎通义》的经学思想中,经学政治法典化,帝王圣人化,经学与政治紧密结合在一起,具有浓厚的政治色彩。在《白虎通义》的经学思想中,皇帝组织大臣、儒生们通过白虎观会议辩论古今文经学的异同,调和古今文经学的矛盾,求同存异,统一经学思想。在《白虎通义》的经学思想中,圣人和五经谶纬化,深深地打上了时代的烙印,具有浓重的谶纬神学色彩。     

中国共产党与中国近现代的三次历史性跨越

中国共产党通过90年的不懈奋斗,在推进中华民族走向复兴的道路上实现了三次历史性跨越。中国共产党成立初期的28年,推开了中华民族实现伟大复兴的藩篱;新中国成立后的30年,奠定了民族复兴的基本前提和重要基础;改革开放的30多年,开辟了实现民族复兴新的历史纪元。三次历史性跨越的递进叠加作用,不可逆转地开启了中华民族不断发展壮大、走向伟大复兴的历史进程,使中华民族伟大复兴展现出前所未有的光明前景。