额外资源按需分配方法研究

文献Wei Quanling等^[1]的最后一段提出了这样一类额外资源分配问题：假设有一些额外的投入资源将要分配给全部或者部分决策单元,如果我们希望分配结果对于整个系统（该系统由全部决策单元组成）来说是最有益的,那么应当如何分配这些额外的投入资源?他们同时还指出系统中哪些决策单元能够获得额外的投入资源,这不仅取决于决策单元的效率,还需要考虑规模报酬。针对此类问题,本文提出一种额外资源按需分配方法：首先,综合决策单元的技术效率与其投影点的规模弹性构建发展曲线,并由决策单元的发展曲线获知其投入变动与产出变动的对应关系;然后,把额外资源分成若干等份,依次分配每一个等份的额外资源,每次分配使系统的总产出增加实现最大,直至分配完全部的额外资源,或者分配某一份额外资源不再带来任何的产出增加,分配就会停止;最后,把决策单元在每一次分配过程中获得的额外资源进行累加,得到这个决策单元最终的分配结果。全文的最后分别在"一个投入一个产出"和"两个投入一个产出"情况下给出两个具体的分配算例。分配结果表明,这种按需分配方法不会缩减任意一个决策单元当前占有的投入资源数量,并且还可以有效地在辨识出某种额外资源在规模上和结构上存在的冗余,从而有效地避免不必要的分配。     

Exploring Partial Order of European Countries

Partial Order Theory has been recently more and more employed in applied science to overcome the intrinsic disadvantage hidden in aggregation, if a multiple attribute system is available. Despite its numerous positive features, there are many practical cases where the interpretation of the partial order can be rather troublesome. In these cases the analysis of underlying dimensions could be useful to uncover particular data structures. The paper shows a way of addressing the problem with the help of an actual case study, which deals with European opinions on services of general interest. In particular, a partial order of countries is firstly provided and then a method to detect dimensions is discussed and applied. The analysis stems directly from the Partially Order Set (poset) and Lattice theory with particular references to dimension theory and Formal Concept Analysis. The study is eventually able to pinpoint role and relevance of different attributes characterizing EU countries which are used to define the partial order.

Generalized simultaneous confidence regions for regression coefficients and their ratios

This study constructs a simultaneous confidence region for two combinations of coefficients of linear models and their ratios based on the concept of generalized pivotal quantities. Many biological studies, such as those on genetics, assessment of drug effectiveness, and health economics, are interested in a comparison of several dose groups with a placebo group and the group ratios. The Bonferroni correction and the plug-in method based on the multivariate-t distribution have been proposed for the simultaneous region estimation. However, the two methods are asymptotic procedures, and their performance in finite sample sizes has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on the concept of generalized pivotal quantity, we propose a Bonferroni correction procedure and a generalized variable (GV) procedure to construct the simultaneous confidence regions. To address a genetic concern of the dominance ratio, we conduct a simulation study to empirically investigate the probability coverage and expected length of the methods for various combinations of sample sizes and values of the dominance ratio. The simulation results demonstrate that the simultaneous confidence region based on the GV procedure provides sufficient coverage probability and reasonable expected length. Thus, it can be recommended in practice. Numerical examples using published data sets illustrate the proposed methods.     

The social benefits of water and sanitation projects in Northern Colombia: Cost‐Benefit Analysis,the Water Poverty Index and beyond

Water, and Sanitation projects play an important role in alleviating water‐related poverty in developing countries. There are several methodologies that will not only assess the performance of these projects but will also help to better identify the problem and its characteristics, and to improve the efficiency of the investment. The Water Poverty Index is one of them. It is a very useful tool that helps to measure water stress at the household level in a holistic way, and to identify priorities. It is important, however, to complement it with a Cost‐Benefit Analysis that will take into account the costs of the project. A case study in Northern Colombia illustrates this point.     

企业综合绩效评价方法研究——基于ANP、平衡计分卡和绩效棱柱理论

分析了平衡计分卡和绩效棱柱两种绩效评价体系的特点,提出了从利益相关者角度出发,以扩展的平衡计分卡为框架,意图建立一个集成利益相关者的满意、利益相关者的贡献、企业经营和企业战略的企业综合绩效评价体系。从定性与定量相结合的角度出发对企业综合绩效评价指标数据进行量化和评价,运用网络分析法ANP确定指标的权重,从而体现了企业综合绩效评价体系之间存在的相互影响和作用。最后,选择了一家电脑企业进行了案例分析。     

高职《食品分析》课程实践教学改革的探讨

《食品分析》实践教学是食品专业的一个重要的教学环节,为培养创新人才、提高学生的实验动手能力,我们在《食品分析》实验课教学中,通过从实验教学的课程体系、教学方法和手段、考核方式等方面进行了探讨,对课程实践教学改革做了一些有益的尝试和探索。     

基于成本-效益分析的企业技术创新策略选择

以企业效益最大化为分析前提,假设企业仅面临着开展或不开展技术创新两种策略选择,并假设两种策略的收入与成本函数均为线性函数.在此基础上运用成本-效益分析法,讨论在不同情况下企业的技术创新策略选择及其判别条件,并对分析结论的经济涵义给予解释.     

房地产预警指标体系及综合预警方法研究

 本文在对常用的房地产预警指标体系选择方法及筛选流程进行分析的基础上,提出了一种主、客观相结合的房地产预警指标选择方法,即先采用综合分析方法对指标进行初次选择,然后用聚类分析和相关分析相结合的方法进行再次选择。最后建立了武汉市房地产预警指标系统,并进行了房地产综合预警。     

Ambiguous Criteria Weights in AHP: Consequences and Solutions*

Two related streams of criticism of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) have not yet been satisfactorily resolved, although both date from the early 1980s. The first relates to ambiguity in the meaning of the relative importance of one criterion as compared to another. The second is concerned with reversals of rank alleged to be possible when new options are introduced in an AHP problem. Both proponents and critics of AHP agree that rank reversals occur, but disagree on the legitimacy of such reversals. This paper shows that there is a necessary correspondence between the manner in which criteria importances are interpreted and computed and the manner in which the weights of the options under each criterion are normalized. In general, if this relationship is ignored, incorrect weights are generated for options under consideration regardless of whether new options are added or deleted. A rank reversal on the addition of an option is merely symptomatic of this fact, and such reversals do not occur when the correspondence condition is met.     

Some Cautions on the Measurement of User Information Satisfaction*

User information satisfaction (UIS) is important because of its potential effects on MIS department goals, quality of user work life, and extent of voluntary usage of systems. Reliable measurement of UIS is important for providing evaluative information for both researchers and practitioners. This study used 92 managers and executives as subjects to compare the test/retest reliability of a widely used, 13-scale UIS instrument together with four summary questions under experimental and control conditions. The summary questions behaved more reliably than the detailed questions for all groups, perhaps because of problems with scale units and origins and with item heterogeneity. This suggests that researchers need more reliable measures of UIS and that practitioners need to exercise caution when collecting and interpreting UIS scores.