马克思主义中国化与中国民族文化的现代化——马克思主义中国化的第三个维度

理论界一般把马克思主义中国化界定为马克思主义与中国具体实践相结合以及与中国传统文化相结合。实际上,“中国化”还有一个更为重要的维度,即在继承和发扬优秀传统文化的基础上,创建本民族的哲学与社会科学,实现中国民族文化的现代化。马克思主义自身的“中国化”与中国民族文化的现代化是两个内涵不完全相同的命题,把二者等同看待是对“中国化”的严重误解和误读,必须在总结以往理论和实践经验教训的基础上予以反思和再释。     

解读英国工党的"第三条道路"

20世纪90年代后期,英国首相布莱尔极力倡导“第三条道路”理论,主张走既不同于左翼的传统民主社会主义,也不同于右翼政党推崇的新自由主义的第三条道路。本文通过深层次解读英国工党“第三条道路”的理论与实践,揭示其实质与内在矛盾,借鉴其成功经验。     

Performance management in hybrid organisations: A study in social housing

The nature and role of social housing across the European States is growing more diverse every decade. From the wide range of social housing as a percentage of total housing stock, the many different housing options provided, to the vast array of housing allocation mechanisms and differing levels of equity delivered by such mechanisms, social housing across Europe presents an increasingly complex social challenge. As such a one-size-fits-all solution to these challenges is unlikely to present itself, and researchers are therefore forced to focus on the specifics of a region or state—this is the case with this study.Within the UK, Housing Associations (HAs) have played a fundamental role within successive government social housing policies for at least three decades. However, through a succession of legislative changes, welfare reform and the deregulation of their non-profit social role, HAs have been fundamentally challenged, and are now exposed to competition from private registered providers.This study poses the overarching research question; what role does performance management play in the transition to a competitive hybridised social housing sector? Exploring this question, the paper analyses the effect of this transition through institutional isomorphism and considers specifically how a sample of English HAs sense uncertainty within the social housing sector and respond to the coercive, normative, and mimetic isomorphic pressures at play.This study finds the primary mechanism by which HAs appear to sense and respond to external changes within the sector is through their strategic performance measurement systems and metrics. Social, political, and competitive changes in the sector are ‘sensed’ as a misalignment within the existing strategic performance metrics, exerting isomorphic pressures on the organisational governance team to respond by realigning the performance metrics with the sensed changes. In this way, we posit that strategic performance measurement is linked to and plays a much more pivotal role, in the hybridisation of third-sector organisations than previously reported within the literature.Examples of such realignment include the increased use of benchmarking performance as a normative practice, and the replication of perceived best practice from the private sector to remain competitive and sustainable. Such changes reflect on an increasingly hybridised position for HAs, which now focus on improving business-critical activities, rather than simply producing performance data as a means of demonstrating good governance and compliance to their regulatory body.     

Sociological Determinants of Life Satisfaction in Japan: The Roles of Gender, Family, and Work

Abstract  This is one of the first studies on causes and correlates of life satisfaction among Japanese, based on the theoretical framework of Thibaut and Kelley (1959) on satisfaction and a nationally representative sample of Japanese adults. Emphasized are the effects of such demographic variables as gender, marital status, age, and work-related characteristics on life satisfaction. It is found that Japanese women are more satisfied with their lives than are men on the average. This difference is not explained by the gender difference in employment statuses. When examined for each employment status category, women still show higher life satisfaction than men on the average, except those employed full-time.
While widowed women show lower life satisfaction, never-married and divorced men show the same pattern. The detrimental effect of divorce on life satisfaction among women disappears when economic circumstances variables are controlled for. Age is found to be strongly related to life satisfaction, particularly among men. A non-linear effect of age indicates both family responsibility and job responsibility decrease life satisfaction for Japanese men and women.
The theoretical framework presented in American literature on the subject is largely supported in the present analysis with Japanese data. Rather than absolute levels of economic and/or social indicators, the salience each person places on them is found to be critical for life satisfaction. Given the cognitive definition of satisfaction adopted here which emphasizes comparisons, these results indicate the validity of this theoretical perspective.     

Locating Gender Neutrality in Formal and Informal Aspects of Organizational Cultures

This article describes and analyzes the practices that conceal gender at work in the contexts of different organizational cultures. The case studies on which I base my discussion derive from clerical work in two organizational settings. The interpretation I suggest is that regardless of their sex, age or hierarchical position at work, employees regard gender as a personal and intimate issue that, with the exception of pay, does not belong to the sphere of work. Gender issues raise questions that disturb the preferred harmony in everyday life in workplaces. Consequently, the employees seemed to think that hierarchical differences are located in society at large, not in their own workplaces. The analysis shows that age, position and technology shaped differences not only between women and men in organizations, but also among female clerical workers. Thus the results relate both to the practical realities at work and to the gender identities of clerical employees in their organizational cultures.     

什么时候怀宝宝好

介绍怀孕前的准备（ 包括心理准备、营养准备、精神和体力准备、环境准备） 、怀孕前的注意事项及最佳怀孕期的选择，使您能孕育一个健康、智商高超的小生命     

Social Enterprise in the United States and Europe: Understanding and Learning from the Differences

Since the 1980s both the United States and Europe have experienced a simultaneous expansion in social enterprise. However, little has been written comparing and contrasting American and European conceptions of social enterprise resulting in difficulty communicating on the topic and missed opportunities to learn and build on foreign experience. To address this need, this paper compares and contrasts American and European social enterprise through an extensive review of literature from the two regions and discussions with social enterprise researchers on both sides of the Atlantic. It outlines the definitions of social enterprise used by American and European academics and practitioners, identifies historical factors promoting and shaping different conceptions of social enterprise, and highlights the differing institutional and legal environments in which it operates. It concludes by identifying what Americans and Europeans can learn from each others’ experience with social enterprise.

老年、老化与老龄化的概念辨析

年龄是衡量个体进入某个生命阶段的常用标志,不仅用来统计个体从出生至死亡所经历的整年数,也用来反映个体某一时期的生理、心理特征,同时也是社会和文化对个体实施的有意义的标记。承载了一定年龄数的老年,首先是一个反映个体生理、心理特征的概念;与此同时,不同的社会文化在法律、法规、角色规范、价值观等社会设置方面对老年的规定和解释也各不相同。老化最初是指个体层面上的从成年到老年生理功能、心理能力的衰退过程,后来越来越多地与个体的整个生命历程以及个体所在的社会文化环境联系起来。老龄化是一个宏观层面上的人口学概念,指老年人口在总人口中比重提高的过程。老年、老化、老龄化三个概念由于在某种程度上均与年龄相关而存在联系,但是它们含义不同,不能混淆使用。     

Evaluation of the Integrated Services Pilot Program from Western Australia

Independent evaluation of refugee-focused programs in developed nations is increasingly a mandatory requirement of funding bodies and government agencies. This paper presents an evaluation of the Integrated Services Centre (ISC) Pilot Project that was conducted in Australia in 2007 and early 2008. The purpose of the ISC program was to provide integrated support to humanitarian refugees in settlement, physical health, mental health and employment. The Pilot Project was based in two primary schools in Perth, Western Australia. The evaluation utilized a flexible qualitative ‘engaged’ methodology and included interviews, focus groups and telephone interviews with the key stakeholders, project staff and a small number of refugee families. The strength of the qualitative methodology (including data that is narrative rich) is that it highlights issues as perceived by each stakeholder and provides insights into the daily work by ISC staff that helped to uncover unintended outcomes. Despite the fact that the ISC evaluation was supposed to be a ‘before and after’ design, the researchers acknowledge a common weakness in many evaluations (including the ISC) that when baseline data is required, evaluators are recruited after the project has begun. This issue is discussed in the paper. It is critical that independent evaluators are able to begin collecting baseline data as soon as programs are launched, if not before.     

川东北地区新石器时代考古学文化初探

长期以来,学术界对川东北地区新石器时代考古学文化面貌和时代的认识比较模糊.本文通过与成都平原的宝墩文化和三峡地区龙山时代文化相比较,认为通江擂鼓寨遗址和巴中月亮岩遗址受三峡地区龙山时代文化影响较大,绵阳边堆山遗址受宝墩文化影响较大,广元张家坡遗址、邓家坪遗址则受到宝墩文化和三峡地区龙山时代文化的共同影响.宝墩文化和三峡地区龙山时代文化在川东北地区的分布大致以嘉陵江为界.