Engendering Global Democracy

The inadequacies of hegemonic liberal democratic ideas and institutions have been exposed by feminist theorists focusing on the marginalisation of women and by global theorists examining the impact of globalisation. These theorists have developed two distinct sets of reconstructive strategies that, until very recently, have remained in ignorance of each other. Further, both feminist and global democratic schemes have been dogged by problems in terms of their theorisation of power, politics, agency and change. Recent feminist arguments about citizenship and governance go some way to bringing together concerns about gender inequality and globalisation, but they remain centred on states and the states-system as vehicles for democratic representation and participation. This article argues that a more radical reconstructive strategy can be derived from debates about the democratisation of feminism itself. Drawing on the responses of black and third world feminists to racism in the white-dominated feminist movement, and examining their influence on efforts to organise transnationally, the article points to innovative ways of thinking about power, politics, agency and change. Together these amount to a democratic framework which has applicability beyond feminist organising and which confronts the marginalisations of both gender and globalisation.     

Civil Society Research Funding from a Global Perspective: A Case for Redressing Bias,Asymmetry, and Bifurcation

This paper adopts a global perspective to review the current situation with respect to the systematic study of civil society. It locates the analysis in a geohistorical framework, arguing that, as a distinct area of scholarship, contemporary civil society research is a two-track post-Cold War phenomenon exhibiting major shortcomings. A new type of dedicated research financing and process of allocation could redress today's research limitations in ways that will beneficially cross-fertilize parallel approaches and epistemological traditions while increasing the spread of centers dedicated to such knowledge generation. The analysis leads to suggestions for a civil society research agenda and investment principles.     

Electronic monitoring,an alternative way of preventing aggression and helping social rehabilitation

Abstract

It has been said that Criminal Law is violence not only because of what it punishes, but also because of the way it does it. Violence is present in all human relationships, and as such, it is consubstantial to every system of social control. Despite this, the failure of imprisonment has not been its severity, but its inefficiency regarding social rehabilitation. This lack of efficiency can be palliated through the use of alternative systems of electronic monitoring in the penitentiary context. These alternative systems will not only enable an effective solution to the problem of overcrowded prisons, but will also mitigate the harmful effects of prison. Moreover, these alternative systems represent a good method to prevent future aggressions as well as to facilitate the offender's social rehabilitation. From this point of view, we will first explain the programs of electronic monitoring in Spain and second we will evaluate them in terms of social rehabilitation, cost-benefit analysis, human rights restrictions, privatization and overcrowding in prisons.     

十一届三中全会党认识和处理历史问题条件探微

本文主要论述了十一届三中全会党认识和处理历史问题的主、客条件,即十一届三中全会党能正确地认识和处理历史问题,是承继了党的传统,是历史发展的要求,是时代发展的要求,是党的战略发展的要求,是老一辈无产阶级革命家艰辛努力的结果。     

康乾时期京师文化的繁荣及其国际影响

"康乾盛世"是中国封建社会的辉煌时期,它在政治、经济、文化等很多方面,将中国传统社会推向了一个新的高峰。作为"康乾盛世"的核心,京师北京不可避免地在亚洲乃至世界的某些范围内受到人们的特别关注。在清代,朝贡体系覆盖了东亚的大部分地区,北京城处于这个体系中的核心地位。北京城对于朝贡国的影响力,不仅依托政治上的强势,也表现在思想文化上的强势。京师强势文化的产生,除了国家强盛的大背景之外,还有一系列的特殊的出自朝廷的高端文化举措。康乾时期另一个重要的文化现象是,进一步与西方文化接触,开始了超越朝贡体系的国际交往。历史显示,北京是古老文化的宝库,又是引领中国走向世界的先锋。北京的历史发展有其独特的经验,对其进行认真的总结,可以获得重要的启示。     

女性人口文化程度对其婚育状况的影响探析

本文以1995年全国1％人口抽样调查资料为基础，对女性人口文化程度与其早婚状况、平均初婚年龄．以及女性初婚年龄与其平均活产子女数间的相关关系进行了深入的定量分析．     

炎黄时空初探

炎黄称谓最初可能为氏族中杰出的族长人物名字,进而成为部族集群之血缘和精神的宗主神,最终发展成为部族集群的称谓.炎黄早期诞生、发展、迁徒的空间,是今之渭水与泾水流域,这是可以得到文献与考古资料互证的.新石器时代中期,也就是距今8000多年至距今5000多年的"农业革命"时代应为炎黄时代.     

中世纪欧洲妇女文学之影响因素分析

欧洲中世纪时期,女性作家及作品受到了社会政治、宗教、文化教育等因素的影响。首先,在政治上,女性居于从属地位,不可能去专心写作,而且家庭内部的不平等,客观上也阻碍了女性进行创作。其次,由于宗教的影响,女性作家在作品题材上多为日记、书信、自传、诗歌,并且只能关注日常生活中的琐碎小事。第三,文化教育对女性的歧视,使得女性作家除了修道院的修女外,只有少数几位贵族妇女在中世纪的文学中留有一笔。第四,中世纪后期女性意识的觉醒,使得女性作家的作品内容较前丰富。     

简论20世纪下半期的世界经济

20世纪下半期是世界史上经济发展最快时期.这时期构成世界经济的有:资本主义发达国家经济,社会主义国家经济;发展中国家经济.资本主义发达 国家运用第三次科技革命成果、市场经济规律和现当代经济学理论发展经济,拥有巨大财富 ,都是富国.社会主义国家与发展中国家在发展经济的道路上曲折前进,与资本主义发达国家的经济水平差距甚大.中国经济的和平崛起对世界经济具有深远的影响.     

Forecasting mortality rates via density ratio modeling

The authors propose a semiparametric approach to modeling and forecasting age‐specific mortality in the United States. Their method is based on an extension of a class of semiparametric models to time series. It combines information from several time series and estimates the predictive distribution conditional on past data. The conditional expectation, which is the most commonly used predictor in practice, is the first moment of this distribution. The authors compare their method to that of Lee and Carter.