“主义”话语与20世纪中国合作经济思潮的兴起

西方的合作经济理念在20世纪上半期以"主义"话语的形式来到中国,并与当时的和谐互助、自由、平等等价值诉求为核心的社会思想相交融,形成了近代中国的合作经济思潮,意欲促成一场社会化的合作运动,推行西方的合作经济制度,改善平民经济,并由此奠定了政府在推动中国农村经济制度变迁的路径依赖.但是,经济制度的改变能力是文化信仰历史的一个函数,这一点也就内在地决定了植根于西方"个人主义"土壤当中的合作经济制度,不可能在笃信"集体主义"而个体成员又缺乏自主独立性的中国社会得到很好的生长.合作社组织在20世纪中国的"异化"或多舛命运也足以证明了这一点.     

人口现代化的生成背景和推进模式——基于人口转变论的阐释

文章以人口转变论为解释工具,回答和评析了人口现代化的推进模式问题。在特定背景下,世界人口现代化过程表现为三种基本的推进模式:①人口现代化的自发型内生模式。主要是针对欧洲尤其是西欧发达国家或地区而言的一种经济动因模式;②人口现代化的外推型外生模式。主要是针对发展中国家或地区而言的一种控制动因模式;③人口现代化的混合型模式(内生模式与外生模式相结合)。主要是针对后起现代化国家或地区而言的一种经济动因、控制动因合力而为的模式。     

Which women stop at one child in Australia?

The decline in fertility in Australia in the 1990s reflected both decreased first-order birth rates and decreased second-order birth rates (Kippen 2004). Whilst childlessness has been studied extensively, little attention has been paid to the progression from one to two children. This study analyses which women stop at one child using data from 1,809 parous 40–54 year olds from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Important early lifecourse predictors of whether a woman stops her childbearing at one child are shown to be a woman s country of birth, highest level and type of schooling, and her father s occupation. A woman s marital status and her age at the time of the first birth are also shown to be significant predictors of her likelihood of not progressing to a second birth. The causes of trends over time are discussed.     

人口红利对江苏省经济增长的影响

利用江苏省"五普"数据以及历年统计年鉴的数据,考察了江苏省人口转变的过程及人口红利水平.借助2001-2005年江苏省各市的面板数据,以人均GDP增长率为因变量,出生率、死亡率、自然增长率、从业人口比例等指标为自变量, 分析了人口红利对江苏省经济增长的影响.研究结果表明,人口红利对江苏省经济增长起到了积极作用,但相对于资本的作用而言,其影响较弱.     

The maternal health-related issues that matter most to women in Ireland as they transition to motherhood - A qualitative study

BackgroundMany studies on women’s maternity care experiences reveal recurring issues that are poor or less than optimal. Women’s opinions on the maternal health-related issues that matter most to them are essential if care and services are to be improved.AimsTo identify the maternal health-related issues that matter most to women in Ireland, based on their own experiences of maternity care, services and motherhood.MethodsA qualitative exploratory study with 24 women. Following university ethical approval, audio-recorded one-to-one telephone interviews were conducted and thematically analysed.FindingsWe identified two themes, each with four subthemes, connected to a central concept of the invisible woman. Pendulum of care, and subthemes Inconsistent services, All about the baby, Induced anxiety and Information seesaw, illustrated the extremes of care and services that women experienced. Magnitude of motherhood, and subthemes Weight of responsibility, Real-time reassurance, Change of identity and Growth into advocacy, depicted the intensity of their new role while transitioning to motherhood.DiscussionFindings articulate the issues that mattered most to women in Ireland as they transitioned to motherhood. Some women identified specific research topics/areas, but all of the issues identified can be translated into researchable topics that seek to improve local care and service provision.ConclusionGiven the recurring nature of women’s less than satisfactory experiences of aspects of maternity care in many countries, it is likely that conducting research on issues that matters most to women will have the greatest impact on their health, wellbeing and lives as they transition to motherhood.