Migrant cohort size,enforcement effort,and the apprehension of undocumented aliens

This article examines macro-structural conditions that affect time trends in aggregate probabilities of undocumented alien apprehension along the Mexico-US border. We show that the number of migrants attempting to cross the border illegally in a given period and the level of effort expended by the INS to apprehend undocumented migrants are principal determinants of apprehension probabilities. Our findings differ from those in earlier work by Donato, Durand, and Massey who argue that individual, household, and community factors are not significant predictors of apprehension probabilities and conclude that escaping INS detection at the border is essentially a random process unrelated to personal traits or to enforcement provisions of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act. Although Donato et al. recognize that apprehension probabilities are affected by the size of the US Border Patrol budget and the number of personnel, they omit these larger structural factors from consideration. Instead, they introduce annual dummy variables to control for macro-structural forces. This approach is unsatisfactory because it confounds the effects of numerous explanatory factors. We conclude that one implication for future research is that it is worth modeling the effects of individuals' characteristics on apprehension probabilities by including as predictors an estimate of the flow of undocumented migrants and measures of INS border enforcement effort. Controlling explicitly for three macrostructural conditions may disclose the importance of some individual-level factors that would otherwise be obscured.     

Statutory leave entitlements across developed countries: Why US workers lose out on work–family balance

Using a composite index of legal provisions for annual and family leave in western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan and the Republic of Korea, the authors rank legislative support for this aspect of work–family balance. The United States ranks last: its employers are not required to grant annual leave and employees can take no more than 12 weeks' family leave per year. The United States' comparatively low labour standards, the authors argue, may be due to the dominance of a market‐based conception of employment and the assumption of equal employer–employee bargaining power, neither of which is fully shared by the other industrialized democracies.     

论新世纪中美中日关系的发展趋势

21世纪已经开始 ,世界各大国都在纷纷调整对外战略。中美中日关系发展如何 ,不仅对东北亚、而且对整个世界都产生深远的影响。在分析中美、中日关系中 ,展望了新世纪中美中日关系的发展趋势     

论美俄近年来在独联体地区的势力消长及其原因

近年来,美俄在独联体地区的势力一消一长。在关于＂颜色革命＂及其成果、中亚的军事存在及独联体国家加入北约问题上,美国的势力有所消退,而俄罗斯的势力却悄然增长,双方的博弈态势发生了变化。其主要原因在于,美国深陷阿富汗、伊拉克、伊核等棘手问题,比起这些重要的国际事务,独联体在美国对外政策中已经处于次要地位。而俄罗斯则抓住时机在此地区恢复其往昔失去的势力。     

黄金价格影响因素的实证分析

黄金作为一种特殊的贵金属，具有货币和商品的双重功能。近30年来，黄金价格经历了令人瞠目的变化，黄金的保值增值功能再次得到体现，所以研究黄金价格变化的决定性因素变得非常重要。黄金价格的变化受CPI指数、石油价格、美元指数、长期债券、CRB指数、DOW指数等因素的影响较大。通过对各因素与黄金价格的关系进行分析，建立黄金价格与各个影响因素的数量模型，将各因素对黄金价格的影响程度进行量化分析，为研究黄金价格的变化提供了依据。     

美国解决外来人口和乡村流动儿童教育问题的作法及启示

美国是一个人口流动频繁的国度,不仅包括乡村农民的流动,还包括国内外移民,由此也产生了外来人口和农村流动儿童的教育问题。美国在解决外来人口教育及流动中小学学生的学习问题方面积累了经验。他们较为成熟的作法和运作方式可为我国解决农民工随迁子女的教育问题提供借鉴。     

20世纪七、八十年代美国石油安全政策之比较

20世纪70、80年代国际石油市场经历了从两次石油危机到石油严重过剩、油价低迷的剧烈变革。为了确保石油安全,美国政府采取了从日益强化政府干预石油市场到放开管制,由市场起主导作用的政策变革。两种政策源自不同的客观形势和政治理念,并产生了不同的影响。     

伊拉克战争与国际局势

海湾战争以来,伊拉克与美国之间围绕制裁与反制裁、"颠覆"与"反颠覆"展开了针锋相对的斗争。9·11事件后,美国怀疑和指控伊拉克参与和支持恐怖主义活动、拥有和研制大规模杀伤性武器,欲对伊动武。美国发动对伊拉克战争,其短期目的是推翻萨达姆政权,控制伊拉克;其中、长期目的是独霸中东,制约欧、亚大国,主导世界事务。伊拉克战争对国际局势产生了显著的影响,伊拉克变得面目全非,中东地区动荡不安,欧洲出现裂痕,亚洲一些国家受到潜在的威胁。     

Accounting and the celebration of rationality in human service delivery organizations

Emerging perspectives of control in human service delivery organizations are facilitated by rational accountability formulations whose tenets and assumptions remain basically unquestioned in organizational and accounting literature. This paper critiques the underpinnings of rational accountability formulations and their appropriateness for human service delivery organizations. In turn, a non-rational metaphor of the role of management accounting information is proposed which recognizes uncertainty for what it is rather than assuming the very certainties that cannot be found in the delivery of human services.     

Evaluation of the U.S. Air Force Family Support Center Program

This article provides an overview of the implementation and evaluation of Family Support Centers (FSC) in the U.S. Air Force. After describing the FSC model, the quantitative aspect of the evaluation is discussed, including the evaluation design, implementation methods, survey response rates, and procedures for data analysis. A summary of evaluation results also are presented as well as a discussion of administrative and methodological issues encountered in performing the evaluation. The results of the evaluation suggest that the FSC has become an integral part of the base human service delivery system, especially for married members and civilian spouses.