《镜花缘》“君子国”里“让”与“争”的道德解析

"好让不争"是《镜花缘》君子国里极力加以渲染和"雅化"的道德模式,其最核心、最集中的东西是通过一些"交易光景"展现的。通过对书中几处"交易光景"的解析,认为"好让不争"实质上已变成了"因让而争",这样"让"也就被自身所否定,变成了"不让",虽不是惯常的损人利己性质之争,而是损己利人性质之争,然损己利人与损人利己本是出发点不同,但最后都落实到一个"争"字上,这个"争"字从本质上讲并无高下之分,都是为一己之私而争,都有违"己所不欲勿施与人"的道德要求,于是道德异化为不道德。只不过一是为自己的精神利益,一是为自己的物质利益,形成君子国里的道德悖论。从中也能感受到作者最大的困惑。     

美国民众对苏联态度的转变与“杜鲁门主义”的出台

二战结束后 ,美国杜鲁门政府便改变了战时与苏联合作的政策 ,举起反共大旗 ,对苏联进行遏制。然而 ,作为一个实行民选制度的国家 ,在制定如此重大政策时 ,不得不考虑民众的态度和意愿。为此 ,杜鲁门政府利用媒体不断批评、指责苏联 ,极力将苏联刻画为一个“极权主义国家” ,从而迅速转变了苏联在战时给美国民众留下的良好形象 ,为推行“冷战”政策奠定了民众基础。     

论默许恐怖分子活动国家的国家责任

"9.11"事件后联合国安理会反恐决议填补了现行国际法的空白,加诸各国不得默许恐怖分子在其境内活动的义务。美国完全可以依法追究阿富汗的国家责任,以有效打击国际恐怖主义。今后,各国都应严格遵守安理会决议确立的国际法义务,坚决制止某些国家默许恐怖分子在其境内活动,同时还需加强合作,进一步完善反恐国际法。     

Stepniak and the friends of Russia

This paper discusses the activities of Stepniak once he arrived in Britain in 1884. In particular, it is concerned to trace Stepniak's relations with Socialist groups. Although work has already been completed on his contact with Liberals, this other aspect of his activity, symbolized by the founding of the shortlived Society of Friends of Russia, has been relatively neglected. It is possible, however, to unearth the various contacts with socialists that this emigre made in the 11 years that he was politically active in this country. It was these individuals rather than the Liberals he knew, that kept alive Stepniak's memory.     

文姜小议

春秋时齐国女子文姜因性生活问题，遭到后人多方面的贬斥.文姜出嫁鲁国后，鲁国在齐鲁争强中逐渐失势，文姜数度以国君之礼与齐国国君会晤，协调齐鲁关系，增强了鲁国的实力和地位，但史家们却未给予应有的评价.本文认为，文姜不失为古代一位颇有才能的女外交家，不应以瑕掩瑜.     

“社会主义劳动者之间也有统一战线”的思考

“社会主义劳动之间也有统一战线”，是邓小平新时期统一战线的重要内容。它是我国统一战线性质变化和统一战线广泛性发展趋势在逻辑上得出的科学结论，是建设有中国特色社会主义伟大事业的内在要求，是新时期各领域新的劳动群体出现的直接现实反映。是对马克思主义统一战线理论的丰富和发展。     

Historic preservation: A comparative analyses

Historic preservation has, to date, received relatively little attention from sociologists, usually meriting only brief mention under topics of urban gentrification or community organization. But within the context of its history and its significance in modern society, preservation emerges as a multilevel response to industrialization and related processes of social change: what gets preserved and how it is symbolically interpreted depends upon the class structure of society and the related social mapping of time and place. The following comparative analysis of preservation in Great Britain and the United States demonstrates the importance of these factors.     

我国企业应对美国反垄断诉讼的策略研究

应对美国对华反垄断诉讼案的策略研究，是一项庞大的系统工程。针对低价出口将会遭到反倾销制裁，而高价出口又可能遭到反垄断诉讼这一矛盾关系,提出“我国企业应对美国反垄断诉讼的策略研究”之主题，并结合相关案例，具体分析了应对美国反垄断的抗辩策略，以引起我出口生产、贸易行业企业对自觉维护经济安全问题的高度警觉和高度重视。     

Household Headship Among Married Women: The Roles of Economic Power, Education, and Convention

Household headship historically has been equated with being the main economic provider of the household, a position usually occupied by men. This paper uses a change in the United States Census definition of household headship to examine whether headship for married women is associated with being the primary breadwinner in a marriage versus other non-economic explanations. According to microdata from the 1990 United States Census, women who are the main income providers in a marriage are much more likely to be household heads than women in co-provider marriages. There also is support for an egalitarian ideology explanation; that is, when both spouses are highly educated, the wife is more likely than the husband to be household head net of her relative economic independence in that marriage. Yet the force of convention remains strong given the low prevalence of headship among married women. The new census definition was meant partly to reflect the changing economic status of women. However, the reality is that conventional gender behaviors persist in household headship.     

Labour Market Policy in the United States, Canada and Sweden: Addressing the Issue of Convergence

'Convergence theorists' suggest that domestic and/or global challenges and pressures are rendering welfare states broadly similar across national boundaries. 'Resilience theorists', in contrast, argue that a range of socio-political factors have allowed states to respond differentially to these pressures and maintain their distinct national social policy approaches. However, both research streams have addressed the 'welfare state' writ large in a multitude of nations and typically relied upon narrow, quantitative budgetary indicators. This study examines qualitative changes to key income security and social service programmes in one central social policy domain – labour market policy – in three nations, the United States, Canada and Sweden. It suggests that there is evidence of some degree of 'convergence' in the broadest sense of the term across these three nations. However, while both the USA and Canada have readily embraced genuinely neo-liberal restructuring, and become increasingly similar over the past two decades in this policy area, Sweden has managed to retain its distinctive social policy approach so far, despite notable changes, developments and trends. It also suggests that the character and direction of change may vary across and within policy domains in a single nation. The conclusion provides a discussion of universality, equality and solidarity, concepts that are commonly employed in accounts of welfare state change.