Now What Do People Know About Global Climate Change? Survey Studies of Educated Laypeople

In 1992, a mental‐models‐based survey in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, revealed that educated laypeople often conflated global climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion, and appeared relatively unaware of the role of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in global warming. This study compares those survey results with 2009 data from a sample of similarly well‐educated laypeople responding to the same survey instrument. Not surprisingly, following a decade of explosive attention to climate change in politics and in the mainstream media, survey respondents in 2009 showed higher awareness and comprehension of some climate change causes. Most notably, unlike those in 1992, 2009 respondents rarely mentioned ozone depletion as a cause of global warming. They were also far more likely to correctly volunteer energy use as a major cause of climate change; many in 2009 also cited natural processes and historical climatic cycles as key causes. When asked how to address the problem of climate change, while respondents in 1992 were unable to differentiate between general “good environmental practices” and actions specific to addressing climate change, respondents in 2009 have begun to appreciate the differences. Despite this, many individuals in 2009 still had incorrect beliefs about climate change, and still did not appear to fully appreciate key facts such as that global warming is primarily due to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the single most important source of this carbon dioxide is the combustion of fossil fuels.     

战国变法运动与大一统的中央集权

战国变法运动的目的是要建立起一个大一统的帝国.它以富国强兵为争夺天下的手段,用加强中央集权来打击内部的分裂势力.变法运动的过程是体制改革的完成与大一统实现的过程.     

被塑造的小角色——东帝汶走向民族国家的进程

通过考察东帝汶1974年到2002年走向民族国家进程的历史发现，东帝汶的命运在一定程度上是被大的国际环境和大国力量所塑造的。非殖民化浪潮、葡萄牙新政府的上台、印尼的入侵、美国等国对东帝汶的漠视、冷战的终结、亚洲金融危机的爆发等先后成为塑造东帝汶命运的因素。甚至东帝汶人的团结反抗也是被印尼的高压所催生的。     

“跑警报”背景下的西南联大教授

1938—1941年间，在日军对昆明的频繁空袭下，“跑警报”成为联大教授日常生活的一部分。为了躲避日军的空袭，西南联大的部分教学研究机构和教授们疏散于昆明城郊各处。同时，日军的频繁空袭严重影响了昆明的物资流通，致使物价飞涨．生活费用大大提高，西南联大的教授们不得不为衣、食、住、行而奔波。在“跑警报”中，联大教授有的从容．有的狼狈；他们或以读书，或以闲聊来消磨躲警报的时间。难能可贵的是，西南联大的教授们竟然从“跑警报”这种在日军空袭下不得已的生存方式里，找到一些生活的乐趣，体会出些许积极意义。     

从“马萨诸塞州等诉环保局”案看美国环境法的新进展

美国联邦最高法院于2007年4月就"马萨诸塞州等诉环保局"案作出判决后,在美国国内产生广泛影响。在美国十多个州的推动下,美国联邦最高法院对该案的判决不仅进一步完善了环境法中的"起诉资格"理论,而且判决将推动美国环境保护局在控制全球变暖、减排温室气体特别是机动车排放上有所作为。联邦最高法院的这一判决也将对美国未来的环境和能源立法与政策产生巨大影响。     

论我国古代适用设计思想的形成——兼谈春秋战国时期的设计文化

我国古代适用性设计思想具有一种完整的统合性特征,而春秋战国时期诸子百家的设计观念为其产生奠定了思想基础,它包涵了以人为中心的实用性设计理念、以人与自然关系为核心的适应性设计理念、以人与社会关系为核心的服务性设计理念三方面的基本内涵,其包涵的文化价值对于当代设计依然具有十分重要的意义。     

I'm OK, You're (Not) OK: The Private Welfare State in the United States

The American welfare state has been premised on the mixture of substantial private, tax‐subsidized benefits rather than on more universalistic public benefits. That pattern is in some ways being undermined as private pension plans are increasingly going bankrupt and firms reduce the benefits they provide employees. On the other hand, however, the current Bush administration is attempting to enhance the private sector role by allowing individuals to invest at least a part of their social insurance contributions into private savings plans. These changes may in the end increase the role of the public sector as a regulator and underwriter at the same time that attempts are made to minimize public sector involvement.     

美国文官"政治中立"问题的历史考察

本文运用历史学与政治学相结合的研究方法,讨论与研究美国文官"政治中立"的问题。通过对这一问题的讨论与研究,不仅有助于从政治学的角度来认识政府的政治与行政功能及它们的相互联系与区别,而且有助于从历史学的角度来梳理这一问题的历史线索及其未来走势,进而对我国的政府体制建设提供理论借鉴。     

《联合国海洋法公约》生效以来对我国海洋地理教育的影响

《联合国海洋法公约》对中国的生效,对我国的海洋地理教育产生了深远影响。主要表现为:在地理教育内容上应对国家领土主权的概念重新定位,改革现行地理教材;使国防安全教育有了更准确的空间范围指向;将影响我国海洋法制进程;对海洋资源可利用的范围有了新的界定;使受教育群体多样化;对地理人才的培养目标和地理教育工作者提出了更高的要求。     

《三国演义》与《东周列国志》的"羽翼信史"比较论

《三国演义》与《东同列国志》都崇尚“羽翼信史” ,但罗贯中的立意在小说历史化 ,冯梦龙则意在历史通俗化。两人在编纂技巧上也有很大不同。