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101.
Environmental criminologists have correlated crime patterns with the environmental and physical layout of places where crimes occur. This paper reports on some of the findings derived from a major research carried out in Tehran, focusing on the link between built environment and residential burglary. After a brief review of crime prevention approaches in the built environment and their theoretical basis, the paper examines how burglars select their targets, and investigates the significance of geographical distance and target hardening for crime prevention. It shows the limitations of distance and target hardening as deterrents, their potential impact on deepening the city's socio-spatial divide, and their negative implications for the quality of the urban environment. 相似文献
102.
Cities in developing countries are facing a double dilemma. On one hand, the urban population is growing rapidly, causing a huge increase in demand for waste management services. On the other hand, the traditional public sector is failing to respond to the increased demand for service. The public sector is constrained by resource and institutional limitations. It is often proposed that the solution lies in private sector participation. It is expected that the private sector, with its dynamism and flexibility, may fill in the service delivery gaps by forming partnership with the public sector. However, a third tier—the people—is often overlooked in the service delivery framework. Citizens can contribute significantly to service delivery. They can support the private sector with payment of service charges. But more importantly, they can play an active role in improving accountability and service quality of both public and private sector. This radical shift in people's role, from passive service receivers to active service partners, however, may not occur endogenously. External help from facilitating agencies may enable the public and private sector to form partnership with people for better service delivery. This article examines the role of facilitating agencies in developing tripartite partnership for solid waste management service in Bangladesh. The key lessons learned are: a number of obstacles prevented spontaneous partnership among the public sector, private sector and people; facilitating agencies were able to overcome the obstacles to form partnership of the three; and, the tripartite arrangement resulted in higher accountability and better service delivery. 相似文献
103.
宋锋华 《新疆大学学报(社会科学版)》2008,36(1):15-18
城市可持续发展指标体系的构建,应遵从科学性、可比性、可操作性、层次性、系统性和创新性六原则,应包含经济、社会和资源环境三个子系统,设立四个指标层次,41个指标。而各项指标的权重当采用客观赋权法中的熵值法确定。 相似文献
104.
Enrique Desmond Arias 《Qualitative sociology》2006,29(4):427-445
This article examines the ways that endemic drug trafficking has affected local level politics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Drawing on ethnographic analysis of political exchanges in the 1998 national elections in three favelas (shantytowns), I argue
that drug trafficking has changed the practice of clientelism. Evidence and analysis in this paper will show that the persistence
of drug trafficking in the city has led to the emergence of a two-tiered clientelist system in which politicians make exchanges
with traffickers who then, in turn, provide some benefits to favela residents in return for their votes. This results in an
arrangement that provides votes to politicians and limited assistance to the poor but does little to build the legitimacy
of the political system.
相似文献
Enrique Desmond AriasEmail: |
105.
The federal programme Social City represents a concept that is different from traditional urban planning, social work and local economic development as well as planning concepts in various ways. The developmental processes to be set into motion on the level of city districts:
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should make cooperation between various sectors and actors a key issue;
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should encourage them to invest into this cooperation and use the resources to be brought about by their participation and
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furthermore, the participation of various groups of the local population is foreseen.
106.
在经济全球化和知识化的今天,人力资源成为第一资源,城市可持续发展及竞争力的根本在于依靠人力资本特别是创造型人才进行创新."创造阶级"理论也随之产生.开发人力资源、积累人力资本、吸引"创造阶级",从而增强城市竞争力,推动城市持续发展.为此,在城市规划与建设中提高城市便利性、人居环境质量,建设适宜的制度环境,给人们提供制度上的创新空间,推动城市持续发展. 相似文献
107.
郝志瑞 《山西农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2014,13(9):908-912
统筹城乡发展过程中,处在现代化进程中的农民是农村现代经济社会发展的主体,是推动农村经济社会科学发展的基本力量。当前农民素质的高低直接关系到农村社会主义精神文明建设的成败,也关系到农村经济社会能否科学发展。因此,应认真分析当前农民在文化素质、科技素质、思想道德素质以及法律意识等方面存在的主要问题并采取有效措施,从而不断提高农民素质,逐步缩小城乡差别,实现城乡一体化发展。 相似文献
108.
Franz Buhr 《Mobilities》2018,13(3):337-348
This paper engages with the ‘mobility turn’ scholarship in order to provide tools for the study of migrants’ integration to urban space. The analysis of urban mobilities draws attention to the practical know-how that underlies mobility practices. I argue that migrants’ urban apprenticeship – that is, the ways migrants learn (to use) city spaces – shape their access to urban resources and their participation in urban life. Based on fieldwork conducted in Lisbon, Portugal, I explore how migrants’ urban knowledges play out in their everyday practices and resonate with broader concerns over migrant integration. 相似文献
109.
本文在考虑职工基本养老保险典型不同缴费基数参保者寿命存在异质性的情况下,通过内部收益率的计算考察典型不同缴费基数参保者之间的养老金收入再分配效应。首先根据省级宏观截面数据估计了职工基本养老保险典型不同缴费基数参保者退休时的平均余命,再据此分别计算和比较不同参保群体的内部收益率。
研究发现职工基本养老保险制度总体上呈现微弱的正向收入再分配效应。虽然低缴费基数参保者内部收益率略高于中、高缴费基数参保职工,但其内部收益率因相对较短的寿命而大大降低。这也提醒政策制定者在研究制定延迟退休、社会养老保险全国统筹等政策时需要充分考虑参保职工内部不同群体间的平均预期寿命差别,对低收入参保者予以特别关注。 相似文献
110.
就业是民生之基,是社会稳定之本,也是女性劳动者的基本权利、提高女性自身经济地位的重要手段,更是性别平等的测试器。在四川省甘孜州、阿坝州,城镇女性从业者在教育、卫生等行业有较高从业优势,就业集中分布于公共管理、教育、卫生、文化等领域,在零售、餐饮、住宿等市场化行业的集中度不明显;产业结构、城镇化与乡城劳动力转移、民营经济发展水平、城镇女性人力资本以及择业观念等影响城镇女性的行业就业行为;传统服务业与线上业态、旅游相关产业、生态红利产业、农业产业链延伸产业等是未来城镇女性劳动力的就业拓展领域;提升女性人力资本有助于女性从业者的就业结构优化。 相似文献