古代世界的"欧洲"观念

当代欧洲一体化运动的思想文化渊源,可以追溯到古代"欧洲"观念的产生.而这一观念的产生与欧洲认同密不可分.随着神话概念(对过去的认同),地理概念(对空间的认同)和文化认同三个阶段的演进,欧洲认同逐渐加强,"欧洲"观念逐步形成,最早的欧洲一体思想也随之出现.     

面对“历史的终结”之神话:从《马克思的幽灵》到《回到马克思》

通过对《马克思的幽灵》和《回到马克思》的比较阅读可以发现 ,西方马克思主义在弘扬马克思主义的批判精神的同时脱离了它的科学基础 ,从而把马克思科学的历史批判扭曲成为片面的人本主义批判 ;在批判地继承西方马克思主义理论遗产的基础上 ,历史现象学为我们正确认识中国当下现实提供了一个马克思主义的视角     

方法论意义上的《中国之欧洲》--兼及比较诗学研究的一种启示

艾田蒲（ Rene Etiemble）的比较文化巨著《中国之欧洲》具有独特的方法论体系。在语言层面上，这部著作表现出形象性与思辨性的高度统一；逻辑层面上则以归谬法的使用为特色；论述策略上忠实体现了作者提出的“比较诗学”的特性---历史考证与审美思考的结合；结构层面上则倾向于“起-承-转-合”的完整运思。这一独特的方法论体系或许可以为比较诗学的研究提供一种启示：既然从意识层面入手解决各类“中心主义”、民族主义困难重重，从学理层面进行的辨析又常常陷入曲高和寡的窘境，那么，以方法的运作清除偏见所赖以滋生的土壤，或许可以为我们带来一种真正清醒、公正而又不失美感的比较诗学。     

西方政党体制理论:一种比较观点

本文较全面地评述了包括政党的界定与分类、政党的功能、政党体制及其不同类型划分、政党政治前景等方面的西方政党体制理论,并在此视角下比较了欧美国家政党对现时代条件下面临的一系列组织与功能难题的不同回应形式,提出相对于美国政党体制基本上只是从政党组织功能与政策主张方面所作出的局部调整,那么,欧洲政党与政党体制涵盖了组织机构、意识形态和政党格局等诸多方面的回应似乎更深刻些.     

论西部公众健康可持续发展

人类社会的可持续发展有赖于人的健康的可持续发展。西部公众健康对西部地区的可持续发展及国家安全的维护有着重要的意义。但西部地区公众的健康水平相对较低,且在自然环境、保健服务、生活方式、西部大开发等方面都存在一定的健康风险,为了提高西部人口健康水平,实现西部公众的健康可持续发展,必须加强西部地区的地方病防治、卫生网络建设、公众健康教育以及西部大开发中的健康管理。     

关于赛珍珠研究的几个有待深入的问题

赛珍珠研究还有几个有待深入的问题:1 关于赛珍珠可不可以写入20世纪中国文学史的问题,可以从作家对自我身份的认定以及从作品的性质来决定。赛珍珠多次说自己"也是一个中国人",而她的作品大部分跟中国20世纪30年代的"乡土文学"有着紧密的血缘关系,因此她可以写入中国文学史。2 如何评价当年的西方传教活动及赛珍珠的传教士身份,总体上说,西方的传教活动对开启民智、加速中华民族的现代文明进程起到了一定的推动作用。赛珍珠是一位真诚善良、热心为中国人民服务的人。3 怎样评价赛珍珠的贡献,要看到她的"人桥"作用的特点本意在中美双方的"沟通"上,但重在对双方文化的匡正和建设上。4 要加强有关资料的搜集与整理。     

沙陀族历史杂探

有关沙陀都督府、沙陀族共同体、沙陀族姓等问题 ,学术界向来说法颇多 ,这些说法与历史事实多有出入。本文依据史料认为 :唐初西域地区并无沙陀都督府建制 ;构成沙陀族共同体的基础是“沙陀三部落” ,不能把早期的沙陀突厥与尔后的沙陀族视为一体 ;沙陀族除沙陀三部落外还包含有其他民族成分 ,学术界过去只将李、刘、石三姓视为沙陀族姓与史实不符。沙陀族姓是沙陀族共同体丰富内涵的真实反映     

Du vent dans le ciel de plomb ? L’accès des femmes aux professions supérieures, xix-xx siècles

Women with diplomas, authority, power, in the professions, in top jobs… Nowadays, since demands have taken shape around the concepts of “parities” or quotas, the phases in the process whereby women have gained access to top positions in employment risk being overlooked. This process stretches out over a long time, even though Western European countries have passed through successive phases at about the same time. The years 1880, 1920, 1970 and 2000 stand out like landmarks in this conquest starting out from equal access to education and continuing through the slow mixing of the two sexes in various types of jobs, medical, technical, legal, military or political. Till the last decades of the 20th century, feminists (men as well as women) fought for these advances despite the scorn of those men and women who wanted to see women confined to the jobs “fit for them”, in particular in education and care-giving.     

The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe,women born 1916–65

During the twentieth century, trends in childlessness varied strongly across European countries while educational attainment grew continuously across them. Using census and large-scale survey data from 13 European countries, we investigated the relationship between these two factors among women born between 1916 and 1965. Up to the 1940 birth cohort, the share of women childless at age 40+ decreased universally. Afterwards, the trends diverged across countries. The results suggest that the overall trends were related mainly to changing rates of childlessness within educational groups and only marginally to changes in the educational composition of the population. Over time, childlessness levels of the medium-educated and high-educated became closer to those of the low-educated, but the difference in level between the two better educated groups remained stable in Western and Southern Europe and increased slightly in the East.     

Pension reforms in EU11 countries: An evaluation of post‐socialist pension policies

This article evaluates the pension policy pathways of the 11 former state socialist nations that have joined the European Union since 2004. Focusing primarily on the post‐2004 period, the analysis discusses the most important measurable outcomes of these countries’ pension reforms, in terms of poverty alleviation, pension adequacy and fiscal sustainability. Going beyond the quantifiable concepts, we also investigate the quality of the 11 countries’ pension systems in terms of equity as well as efficiency, emphasizing the less conspicuous design errors present in these systems. Although these errors have received little attention to date, they may harm pension schemes along several dimensions, including their fiscal sustainability.