跨文化文本空间中的性别对话——从《女勇士》中花木兰形象解读汤亭亭的跨文化叙事

美国当代作家汤亭亭在《女勇士》第二章《白虎山学道》中以中国传统故事中的花木兰为原型,通过融入中西文化元素塑造了一个现代“女勇士”形象,集中展示了她作为华裔作家的跨文化叙事策略。汤亭亭在《白虎山学道》中通过对于圣经、佛教和道教典故的改编和移植,在文本中建构了融汇东西方不同宗教文化的跨文化空间。跨文化空间的构建和“汤氏花木兰”形象的塑造不但在文本想象层面实现了男性和女性的性别对话,同时也传达了作家对于消解现实生活中以男权主导的性别对立模式的诉求。     

《女诫》家教意义的现代诠释

中国传统女德教育的思想十分丰富,源远流长,瑕瑜互见。班昭《女诫》中对"妇德"、"妇言"、"妇容"、"妇功"四德的解释具有不容忽视的现代价值。文章将女权运动与传统女德思想资源结合起来,整合成既具有传统美德又具有时代特征的现代女德。强调重视女德教育对家庭、社会和国家的重要性,是其构建全新现代女性道德的时代内涵。     

伦理身份逾越后的悲剧与赞歌——评《女勇士》中的无名女子形象

无名女子是当代美国华裔作家汤亭亭在其处女作《女勇士》中塑造的一个悲剧人物形象。面对梦想与现实的距离、自我与社会的冲突,守活寡的她逾越了自身的伦理身份,与人私通,怀有身孕,违背了身处的伦理禁忌,导致追求爱情和人伦梦想的破灭。然而,她选择用死亡的方式向封建礼教和男权社会宣战,完成从父权制下的一名"悲女子"向"反传统伦理女勇士"的转变,从而谱写出一曲生命的赞歌。     

生命起源的追索与文化涅般木的重现——论莫言小说中的“白衣盲女”意象

莫言小说中的“白衣盲女”这一意象有着极其丰富的内涵。由文本呈现的美学元素来看，这一意象是真和美的化身。这一意象同时包容了关于生命、文化起源的追溯与预设，而融会于其中的时间意识尤堪重视。以这一意象为主体的“女神再生”的建构则是解决“种的退化”这一文化命题的必由之路，在这一意象之上，蕴含着生命、文化涅檗等重大主题。     

Professional responses to post bureaucratic hospital reforms and their impact on care provision

BackgroundPost bureaucracy is increasingly shaping how health care professionals work. Within hospital settings, post bureaucracy is frequently connected to loss of professional autonomy and protocol-based care. However, this development also affects relationships between care providers and care receivers.QuestionTo explore experiences of post bureaucratic hospital reforms and their impact on care provision.MethodData builds on nine mini group interviews with midwives (n = three), nurses (n = three) and physiotherapists (n = three), in all thirty participants. Data was analysed using existing theories of professionalism and post bureaucracy.FindingsTwo overarching themes were identified: ‘Time, tasks and institutional duties’ which referred to transformations in care practices, increased use of screening procedures, efficiency requirements and matching linear time to the psychosocial needs of patients. ‘Managerial control of work’ which described rising administrative demands, engaging in protective measures, younger professionals pressured by documentation obligations and fear of disciplinary procedures.ConclusionThe institutional context appears to play a key role shaping care practices. Although midwives, nurses and physiotherapists share similar experiences of post bureaucratic hospital reforms, changes in care provision can impact these professions in different ways. As a discipline, midwifery is founded on relationships between women and midwives. Standardised clinical care, performativity demands, litigation risks and rising administrative obligations are liable to challenge the provision of woman centred care. These changes may also result in increased inequity in maternity care by affecting some groups of women more than others.     

国外王尔德喜剧研究述评

国外王尔德喜剧研究大致可以分为三个阶段:1892～1899年为第一个阶段,这一阶段的王尔德喜剧评论散见于英国各种报刊,反映了同时代人对王尔德喜剧的看法;1900～1969年为第二个阶段,重视文本、注重比较研究是此阶段的主要研究特点;1970年迄今为第三个阶段,在这一阶段的王尔德喜剧研究中,人们注重宏观研究,开始较多地运用新的文学批评方法。     

民族文化身分与国际意识的碰撞及调和--《一个陌生女人的来信》在当代中国的接受

茨威格的小说《一个陌生女人的来信》因中国艺人“创造性”接受而再次产生巨大反响,这在中外文化艺术交流史上具有特殊而重大的意义。在这次异质文化的深度碰撞中,中西文化的差异性更因彼此的衬托和比照鲜明地表现出来。尤为值得一提的是,异质文化在这里已作为一种“陌生化”的艺术手段或策略而显示出了其独有的功能与价值。     

充满辛酸的人道主义归途——对许地山《春桃》再浅析

作品反映了作者对底层民众的真正关注、了解,重在塑造春桃这个扣人心弦的女性形象。小说《春桃》中＂一女二男＂的婚姻模式有悖于＂神性爱＂这一个古往今来文学作品的传统母题;李茂、刘向高在伦理婚姻观念上沿袭着中国传统伦理婚姻的重负,春桃具有新的伦理婚姻观念因素,但现代伦理婚姻观念的光芒始终遮不住春桃传统的观念。最后,人性善和人道主义的情怀,使三人冲破了一切传统封建伦理观念和风俗习惯的束缚,建立了属于他们自己的小世界,这种善良的人性人情寄托了许地山人道主义的关怀。     

Developing an instrument to measure satisfaction with continuity of midwifery care drawing on the Delphi technique

BackgroundMaternal satisfaction with maternity care is an important indicator of quality maternity services. Continuity of midwifery models of care are increasing in Australia and while several instruments have been developed to measure satisfaction with maternity care most of these have not been validated and there are none that are appropriate to continuity of midwifery maternity care models.AimTo develop a questionnaire to measure women’s satisfaction with maternity services provided in a continuity of midwifery care service model.MethodsA modified Delphi technique was used. A heterogenous panel of eight experts provided feedback over four rounds. The starting point for the questionnaire was informed by two systematic literature reviews focusing on available instruments for measuring maternal satisfaction with maternity care and what women value continuity of midwifery models of care.FindingsThe Continuity of Midwifery Care Satisfaction Survey (COMcareSS) was developed after four rounds of feedback with the expert panel. The survey comprises nine domains and fifty-nine questions. The domains include demographics, maternity care outcomes, facilities, the midwife/woman relationship, building capacity-empowerment, decision making and involvement, personalised care, advice care and support and general.ConclusionsConsumer satisfaction is an important indicator of quality care. This is the first instrument to be developed that is appropriate to continuity of midwifery models of care. The important next step is to pilot test the instrument to establish its validity and reliability.     

论汤婷婷《女勇士》中人物主体性的建构

《女勇士》是美国华裔文坛的佳作,意蕴丰厚,提供了多元解读的可能。其中,可以从女性主义批评出发,剖析作品中的女性形象,探索其"从没有自我的自我中寻找自我"的主体性建构的艰难历程和不同的轨迹。