美国华裔文学女作家汤亭亭作品解读

美国华裔文学历经了百年的发展,在文学界占有一席之地。汤亭亭是美国华裔文学作家中最具影响力、最具代表性的女作家,她的三部作品《女勇士》、《中国佬》、《孙行者》确立了她在美国文学史上的地位。她的作品既汲取了中国传统文化,又受到美国文化的影响,反映了中西文化的交融与碰撞。     

母性·妻性·女性——论赛珍珠的长篇小说《母亲》中的母亲形象

赛珍珠的长篇小说《母亲》以中国皖北农村为创作背景,刻画了一个勤劳智慧、精力充沛、充满爱心的农村妇女———＂母亲＂的形象。小说充满母性的温馨、妻性的智慧、女性的言说。在拂去了历史的尘埃之后,《母亲》以其细致入微而又震撼人心的描写,依然深受读者的喜爱。     

中国四大爱情传说中的女性形象符号

中国民间流传下来的四大爱情神话传说,讲述了非常经典的爱情悲剧,塑造了系列家喻户晓的人物形象,特别是织女、祝英台、孟姜女和白素贞这四个人物形象,隐含着人类共同的深层的心理结构,即对美好爱情的渴望和追求以及对美好爱情的寄托。这一母题贯穿着逐渐演变成型的爱情故事文本。     

万紫千红,群芳尽现——浅谈欧阳修词中的女性形象

在繁花似锦的词学世界里,出现了众多妖娆娇媚的女性形象。概括起来不外乎三类——侯门思妇、民间女子和歌妓舞女,她们成为众多词家笔下咏之不尽的对象。欧阳修的词作虽然不多,但是他笔下的女性却涵盖了上述的所有形象,并且呈现出雍容华贵、娇声憨态、烟视媚行的各种不同的美学特征。     

少数民族地区妇女性别意识研究——以贵州道真、雷山两县已婚育龄妇女为例

基于社会性别理论,以贵州道真、雷山少数民族地区已婚育龄妇女为例,从家庭责任承担、家庭事务决策、家庭暴力认知、子女期望、村民自治参与、生殖健康意识和能力方面研究分析了少数民族地区已婚育龄妇女的社会性别意识,指出现代社会性别意识的构建需要社会、家庭和女性自身的共同努力,构建中还应注意借助民族地区社会民俗文化的传承教育功能。     

吃掉被规训的女人——评《可以吃的女人》

福柯认为权力机制能够作用于人的身体,使其变成驯服的肉体。一些女性主义理论家认为对人的身体的统治也会延伸至意识形态的统治,从而造就驯服的思想。当前女性对自己形体和容貌的关注以及女性思想上的顺从,其实质是父权制权力规训女性身体的结果。阿特伍德的小说《可以吃的女人》正是对该理论的注解。     

The magnitude of the problem of obstetric violence and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn recent years, the concept of obstetric violence has become visible among women and professionals, but its prevalence and the factors with which it is related in our healthcare environment are unknown.AimTo determine the prevalence of obstetric violence in the Spanish healthcare system and identify the associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted during 2019 and included 899 women who had given birth in the last 12 months. An online questionnaire was distributed through midwives and women associations in Spain. The questionnaire included sociodemographic, clinical, and assistance practices variables. The primary outcome variable was obstetric violence and its verbal, physical, and psycho-affective types. Crude odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (ORa) were estimated using binary logistic regression.ResultsObstetric violence was reported by 67.4% (606) of the women; 25.1% (226) verbal, 54.5% (490) physical, and 36.7% (330) psycho-affective. Overall obstetric violence was observed more frequently in women who attended maternal education programme (ORa 1.56, 95% CI 1.05–2.32), those who presented a birth plan but it was not respected (ORa 2.82, 95% CI 1.27–6.29), those who received regional analgesia (ORa 1.61, 95% CI 1.13–2.30), those who required an urgent caesarean section (ORa 3.46, 95% CI 1.79–6.69), underwent an episiotomy (ORa 3.34, 95% CI 2.21–5.38), and whose newborn was admitted to an intensive care unit (ORa 2.73, 95% CI: 1.21–6.15). The presentation of a birth plan was observed as protective factors, and the possibility of skin-to-skin (ORa 0.34, 95% CI 0.18–0.62) and felt respected (ORa 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.85).ConclusionsTwo out of three women perceive having suffered obstetric violence during childbirth. Practices such as skin-to-skin contact, and the use of respected birth plans, were protective factors against obstetric violence.     

“Doing the month” and postpartum depression among Chinese women: A Shanghai prospective cohort study

BackgroundThe Chinese postpartum custom of “doing the month” characterized by generous social support available through the traditional cultural practices was considered to protect women from postpartum depression in early puerperium.MethodsThis study used data from the Shanghai Birth Cohort, a study of 2615 postpartum women from Shanghai, China, that was conducted between 2013 and 2016. Detailed information on the traditional “doing the month” practices and the on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores was collected from questionnaires administered on the 42nd day after childbirth. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the adopting traditional puerperium practices and postpartum depression.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of postpartum depression in women from the Shanghai area in China was 11.8% (n = 308) at six weeks postpartum. Women who went outside their homes during the first month postpartum showed higher risks of postpartum depression compared with those who never left the house (1–2 times: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.4; 3–5 times: OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.5–3.5; ≥6 times: OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2–5.1). Women with average sleep of 6 h or less per night were more likely to suffer from postpartum depression compared with those who slept 8 h (6 h: OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.4; less than 6 h : OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.2–5.0). Women who opened the house windows most of the time exhibited decreased risks of postpartum depression compared to those who never or rarely opened the windows (often: OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.9; always: OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3–0.7).ConclusionsOur results suggested that not all the activities of “doing the month” provided protection against developing PPD. This study emphasized the need for flexibility to fit and adjust the ritual into the modern life to enhance the positive effects of traditional practices on maternal health.