Resistance as a means of creating accountability in child welfare institutions

This paper investigates the identity constructions of youths who are objects of special interventions in the area of child welfare. The aim of the paper was to explore the various dimensions of resistance to institutional identities among youths in special schools and foster‐care institutions. Interviews were conducted with adolescents aged between 12 and 15, identified as having social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. The analysis generates knowledge about society's interventions as well as how adolescents respond to offered institutional identities by adopting different kinds of discursive resistance. The paper highlights the different types of discursive resistance that adolescents use to present themselves as accountable individuals and discusses the importance of considering resistance as a positive force rather than as something that must be defeated.     

青少年心理健康教育积极培养模式调查研究

以连云港市高级技工学校在校学生为采样对象,运用调查问卷、数据测评、文献综合分析等方法,就青少年的心理健康教育问题进行分析,旨在围绕青少年心理健康教育积极品质培养模式这一主题,研究探讨通过积极心理学的教育方式和实践训练,塑造和培养青少年的积极品质,提高青少年承受、应对挫折和自我调适的能力,     

Participation in social,leisure and informal learning activities among care leavers in England: positive outcomes for educational participation

Against a background of research and national statistics that consistently show that educational participation and achievement of young people in and leaving care is significantly lower than is the case for the non‐care population, previous research has shown the positive impact that social, leisure and informal learning activities can have on the educational participation and achievements of young people, and particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The UK: Care Matters Green Paper stated that involvement in leisure and social activities can have a positive impact on the self‐esteem of young people in and leaving care and upon their educational attainment and later success in the labour market. This paper reports on the English results of a cross‐national study of young people from a public care background and their pathways to education in Europe. Using case study examples it explores the impact that social, leisure and informal learning activities can have on educational participation and educational pathways of young people in and leaving care. The paper argues that, in view of these findings, encouraging and supporting young people in and leaving care into these types of activities should be a priority for social care professionals, carers and teachers.     

家长教养方式的阶层差异及其对子女非认知能力的影响

本研究通过“中国教育追踪调查”（CEPS）2014-2015学年追踪数据,考察了当前中国青少年家长教养方式的分布、阶层差异及其对青少年非认知能力的影响。研究发现：首先,当前中国家长的教养方式以专制型和忽视型为主,权威型和宽容型教养方式的比例较低;其次,社会经济地位较高的家庭倾向于选择权威型和宽容型教养方式,社会经济地位较低的家庭倾向于选择专制型或忽视型教养方式;最后,教养方式对非认知能力的发展有显著影响。总体而言,权威型教养方式最有利于培养子女的非认知能力,忽视型教养方式最不利于培养子女的非认知能力。在涉及人际交往的非认知能力指标中,权威型和宽容型教养方式相对于其他两种教养方式具有明显的优势。     

Rising food security concerns among New Zealand adolescents and association with health and wellbeing

The current paper explores recent changes in food insecurity among adolescents and determine if food security concerns are associated with poorer wellbeing. Data were collected as part of two nationally representative surveys of the health and wellbeing of high-school students in New Zealand in 2007 and 2012. In 2012, 11% of young people reported food security concerns often or always, with 33% reporting food security concerns occasionally/sometimes. The prevalence of food security concerns at both frequencies increased significantly from 2007 (8% and 28%, respectively). Young people with food security concerns were more likely to report poor indicators of health and wellbeing, including truancy, poor general health, mental health concerns and obesity. Our findings highlight the growing concerns of food insecurity reported by adolescents in New Zealand. Interventions that address food security for families may provide a tangible means of promoting the healthy development of children and young people.     

家庭经济地位与教育期望之间关系的实证研究

个体早期教育期望对于其未来教育地位具有重要影响。在前人对地位获得模型的研究基础上,以中国教育追踪调查数据CEPS（2013～2014基线数据）为样本,以中学生为研究对象,采用多元线性回归以及二元逻辑斯蒂线性回归方法,探讨了家庭收入对青少年教育期望的影响。研究发现:出生于家境贫寒的青少年,其教育期望年限更高,更期望上大学,希望接受硕士、博士等精英化教育;在职业教育与大学本科教育的选择中,家庭收入的影响不显著,表明青少年并没有因为其家庭条件不好就降低对自我的教育期望,选择进入次优的大学专科教育。研究结果表明,贫穷不一定导致青少年较低的教育期望,反而正是这种艰苦的家庭条件,对青少年起到了激励作用,使其对改变家庭命运、实现向上流动具有更强的信念,希望通过接受更高层次的教育,实现阶层的跃迁;对此的政策蕴含在于要积极创造条件,帮助寒门学子超越自身及家庭的不利条件,使之获得力争上游、实现高等教育梦的机会,促进社会合理有序的流动。     

Special Considerations in the Treatment of College Students With Bipolar Disorder

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is a relatively common mental disorder that often has its onset during the college years. This means that students simultaneously face both the challenge of late adolescent development and the challenge of adapting to a major mental illness. As a further complication, the college environment is not well suited to the kinds of lifestyle changes that add stability to the lives of people with bipolar disorder. Treatment involves establishing an alliance, education about lifestyle changes, aiding adaptation to the illness, careful medication to minimize side effects, and loosening the affective constriction that can result from fear of relapse. Both the health care provider and student can use the culture of learning and self-discovery in the college setting to the treatment's benefit. As well, the provider can use the time-limited nature of college to lessen ambivalence about making long-term changes.     

嫖宿幼女罪的法理思考

案例分析发现嫖宿幼女罪判处的刑罚一般来说比强奸罪重.因此,反对嫖宿幼女罪的民众认为该罪比强奸罪判处的刑罚更轻的观点是不成立的.嫖宿幼女罪所存在的问题是逻辑上的,该罪无法回答未满14周岁的幼女究竟有没有同意性交的能力.此外,嫖宿幼女罪会遗漏不明知对方未满14周岁的行为人.解决办法是认可14周岁以下的幼女无论在何种情况下,都没有同意性交的能力,行为人与之发生性关系都构成强奸罪.     

Development and Utilization of a Practice-Based,Adolescent Intake Questionnaire (Adquest)

Summary

This article describes an intake questionnaire (Adquest) that was designed, tested, and implemented, and later employed in clinical data-mining studies, by practitioners in an adolescent mental health program. The instrument is primarily a practice-based, clinical information-gathering and client engagement device. Consequently, it differs in significant ways from more research-driven Rapid Assessment Instruments (RAIs). Despite these differences, when aggregated and analyzed, Adquest data provides valuable psychosocial information about hundreds of vulnerable urban youth seeking mental health services.     

Mental Health and HIV Risk Among African American Adolescents

Summary

The family system is integral to adolescent mental health and HIV risk. However, few studies have addressed family variables and adolescent outcomes among African American families. This study tested a longitudinal model of parenting, adolescent mental health, and adolescent HIV risk, among a community sample of low-income, urban African American families from the Collaborative HIV prevention and AdolescentMental Health Project (CHAMP). Consistent with general adolescent population data, we expected less parental monitoring, greater psychological control and less positive parenting to increase risk for adolescent depression and conduct problems. We hypothesized that these variables would in turn increase rates of HIV risk. We followed one hundred and thirty-four African American youth and theirmaternal caregivers as part of the CHAMP project. Study variables included: positive parenting, parental monitoring, psychological control, adolescent distress, conduct problems, and recent HIV risk. We examined the relationship among these variables via longitudinal path analysis. Age was strongly associated with increased adolescent HIV risk. Contrary to hypotheses, more parental psychological control was marginally associated with less HIV risk, while positive parenting was marginally associated with greater HIV risk. Adolescent depression was associated with more conduct problems, but unrelated to HIV risk. Thus, parenting practices generally considered negative might actually be protective among some lower SES African American families. This underscores the importance of extending studies of family context and adolescent risk behaviors to diverse social and ethnic groups. Designing prevention programs for diverse groups will require articulating culturally specific effects for different parenting practice.