Reconsidering the Evolution of Nonlinguistic Communication: The Case of Laughter

Nonlinguistic communication is typically proposed to convey representational messages, implying that particular signals are associated with specific signaler emotions, intentions, or external referents. However, common signals produced by both nonhuman primates and humans may not exhibit such specificity, with human laughter for example showing significant diversity in both acoustic form and production context. We therefore outline an alternative to the representational approach, arguing that laughter and other nonlinguistic vocalizations are used to influence the affective states of listeners, thereby also affecting their behavior. In the case of laughter, we propose a primary function of accentuating or inducing positive affect in the perceiver in order to promote a more favorable stance toward the laugher. Two simple strategies are identified, namely producing laughter with acoustic features that have an immediate impact on listener arousal, and pairing these sounds with positive affect in the listener to create learned affective responses. Both depend on factors like the listener's current emotional state and past interactions with the vocalizer, with laughers predicted to adjust their sounds accordingly. This approach is used to explain findings from two experimental studies that examined the use of laughter in same-sex and different-sex dyads composed of either friends or strangers, and may be applicable to other forms of nonlinguistic communication.     

创新与核心能力体系研究

创新是企业经营要素的新组合。企业核心能力是企业发展能力中最重要的能力,它源于企业创新。企业创新点,实质在企业价值的“链环”上,企业核心能力的形成,关键在于建立价值链某个环节上的竞争优势,企业应当通过创新培育核心能力体系。而创新必须要有卓越的创意设计、科学的策划和有效的策略。     

论英语专业教学中学生非智力因素的培养

非智力因素是保证成功进行各种活动的必要心理条件。在英语专业课程学习中,学生的非智力因素能够直接转化为学习动机,把学习当作自觉行为。教师应注重学生兴趣、情感、意志、性格等非智力因素的培养,讲究教学艺术,建立宽松互动的学习环境,使学生的非智力因素在学习中起到重要作用。     

英语专业学生在英美文学学习中的焦虑研究

文章针对英语专业学生在英美文学学习中的焦虑状况,在前人研究的基础上,对焦虑产生的原因以及对学习结果的影响进行了分析研究,对教师如何引导学生克服焦虑的负面影响,提高学习效率提出了建议.     

基于GRPLS 回归的 中国经济增长影响因素分析

构造一种新的方法———岭- 偏最小二乘回归方法(它既有效消除了因素变量之间的多 重共线性,又克服了传统方法的不足,且使模型更加稳健,具有更强的预测和分析能力) ;并运 用广义岭- 偏最小二乘回归方法分析了我国经济增长的影响因素,为我国制订持续、快速增长 的经济政策提供了有益的参考.     

The Big Five personality factors and team performance: implications for selecting successful product design teams

In the pursuit of faster product development, product design teams are a growing phenomenon in many organizations. In order to be successful, these teams must be composed of people who work well together. However, despite the benefit of selecting the optimal combination of team members, this topic has received little attention. Personality has been identified as a potentially helpful selection variable in the determination of optimal team composition. This study examines the relationships between the ‘Big Five’ personality factors (Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience) and objective team performance for three-member product design teams. In addition to this, the potential incremental contribution of personality to the variance in team performance over that accounted for by established selection measures such as general cognitive ability was investigated. In the short duration of the study, it became apparent that some teams were capable of success, and some were not. Successful teams were characterized by higher levels of general cognitive ability, higher extraversion, higher agreeableness, and lower neuroticism than their unsuccessful counterparts. In successful teams, the heterogeneity of conscientiousness was negatively related to increments in product performance. Implications for the selection of product design teams and future directions for research are discussed.     

核电厂人因失误机理研究:QAP分析

为了明确核电厂人因失误机理并为后期人因失误的精准防控提供理论依据,文章采用“组织定向人因失误分析技术”对2010—2020年核电厂208件人因失误事件报告进行分析,获得样本数据,经统计辨识主要的人因失误类型(知识型、规则型和技能型)和影响因素(如教育培训、组织设计、规程、人机界面等),结合影响因素之间的相关性及因子分析构建主要人因失误场景(如知识/技能经验、注意力、压力和态度等)。由于各因素之间存在相互影响,因而采用QAP方法(Quadratic Assignment Procedure,二次指派程序)对人因失误场景进行相关分析和回归分析,建立知识型、规则型、技能型人因失误因果模型,辨识不同的人因失误场景,揭示人因失误机理。结果表明,不同的人因失误类型其产生机理以及场景显著性不同,为人因失误的精准防控提供理论依据。     

试论非智力因素在体育教学中的应用

本文分析和阐述了非智力因素的基本内容,以及体育教育对非智力因素的影响,提出在体育教学中培养非智力因素的途径和方法,以此改变学生的世界观和人生观。     

员工满意指数测评方法及其管理策略研究——以某石油机械制造企业为例

员工满意度是保证用户满意的基础,员工对企业的满意指数越高,越有利于提高员工对产品或服务的质量。阐述影响员工满意的因素和产生的效应,提出员工满意指数结构模型,给出模型中隐变量相对应的观测变量以及描述模型中各相关变量之间关系的数学表达式;区分员工满意度的内在报酬因素和外在报酬因素,采用薪酬组合/员工满意度状态管理方格衡量员工的不同满意度状态,实现员工满意状态的动态管理;制定提高员工满意度的P-D-C-A-R五步循环措施,在管理实践中指导企业提高员工满意度。通过对某石油机械制造企业的实际调查,运用偏最小二乘法进行员工满意分析,得到隐变量相关关系曲线和影响员工满意的主要因素,并对企业进一步持续改进员工满意管理策略提出相应建议。     

群体交互记忆系统成因机制研究

在调研84个知识团队,共338名成员的基础上,以共享心智模型和行为信任为中介变量,从团队成员的专长、任务和人际3个方面的特性出发,构建了一个“环境基础-内化条件-知识系统”的整合模型.研究结果显示,团队成员的专长异质性、任务互依性和关系强度对交互式记忆系统产生正向影响.共享心智模型和行为信任完全中介了专长异质性和任务互依性对交互记忆系统的作用,部分中介了关系强度对交互记忆系统的影响.在控制变量中,团队规模对交互记忆系统存在负向影响,团队历史和任务复杂性对交互记忆系统具有正向影响.