Are There Differences in Anti-Gay Beliefs Among U.S. Veterans and Non-Veterans? Results from the General Social Survey

ABSTRACT

Only since 2011 have sexual minorities been able to serve openly in the U.S. military. The previous anti-gay policies and culture of the military may have increased anti-gay beliefs among veterans. Using data from the 2010–2016 General Social Survey, we tested whether veterans more frequently endorsed anti-gay beliefs than their non-veteran peers. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics with multiple logistic regression, we tested the associations of veteran status with five anti-gay beliefs (i.e., disallowing a gay person (1) from publicly speaking or (2) teaching at a university, (3) removing a gay-supportive book from a library, (4) whether same-sex sexual relations are wrong, and (5) support of same-sex marriage. Veteran status was associated with greater disagreement with same-sex marriage (B = 0.16, p = 0.033) but not with other anti-gay beliefs. Most anti-gay beliefs among veterans were explained by other sociodemographic factors and may not be inherent to veteran status.     

A Meta-Analytic Review of the Association Between Disgust and Prejudice Toward Gay Men

ABSTRACT

A sizeable number of studies have documented a relationship between heterosexual persons’ experience of disgust (measured as an individual difference variable or induced experimentally) and prejudice toward gay men (i.e., homonegativity). Yet, to date, no one has attempted to meta-analytically review this corpus of research. We address this gap by conducting a meta-analysis of published and unpublished work examining heterosexual men and women’s disgust and their homonegativity toward gay men. Fourteen articles (12 published, two unpublished) containing 17 studies were analyzed (N = 7,322). The average effect size for disgust sensitivity studies was moderate to large (d = 0.64), whereas for disgust induction studies, the effect was large (d = 0.77). No evidence of effect size heterogeneity emerged. Future directions and recommendations for methodological improvements are outlined.     

Racist in the woodpile? Prejudice and education

Even in totalitarian regimes, freedom of thought presumably cannot be outlawed, provided that such thought remains unspoken and unwritten. In Australia, freedom of expression is taken-for-granted. This paper sets out to theorise my teaching practice/s, as I enact some of my theories. It emerges from my recent attempts to encourage in my students a greater sense of empathy towards others, and adoption of a multiplicity of perspectives. The contexts in which the study is embedded include immigration (to Australia) and attitudes to Indigenous Australians, but the teaching approaches described here can be applied to other similar contexts internationally. The paper outlines and evaluates related teaching strategies. Questions posed by the paper include: what are the internal mechanisms that limit our thought with regard to social issues such as equality? What are the teaching/learning approaches that we might employ to help our students transcend these limitations? Can freedom of thought only function in the context of self-regulation? In other words, where, if anywhere, are the ‘natural limits’ of freedom of thought, and are there times when freedom of thought is not desirable or acceptable? If so, who decides and how? What are the implications for the power differential between teacher and student?     

浅析《黛丝·米勒》情感冲突背后的文化差异

《黛丝.米勒》作为亨利.詹姆斯早期创作的"国际题材"短篇小说,以生活在不同文化背景之下的美国人为主要对象,运用现实主义的写法向读者淋漓尽致地展示了欧美文化的冲突。从跨文化交际的角度分析小说女主角黛丝.米勒交际失败的悲剧根源对我们深刻理解情感冲突背后的文化差异无疑具有重要意义。     

简论英美语言中的民族偏见

语言是社会历史发展的镜子。在世界各民族文化的相互交融中,由于不同民族的政治、经济发展水平的不平衡,产生了民族歧视现象,进而反映到了各民族的语言中。在英美语言中,就有许多词汇与民族有关,其中又有部分词汇含有对其他民族诋毁和侮辱的意味。这里通过对英美语言中民族偏见问题的举例,剖析了英美国家在历史发展中所表露的大国沙文主义的思维定势和价值取向。而随着现代世界经济一体化进程的不断加快,民族歧视现象将逐渐消除,对其它民族含有歧视性的语言也必将消亡。     

Sexist talk: Gender categories,participants’ orientations and irony

This paper uses a discursive social psychological approach to develop and extend what we know about the constitution of sexist talk. Using data from a variety of sources where the topic under discussion is gender and leisure, I examine actual instances of sexism in action. Specifically, I examine the ways in which participants use arguments about possible injury to justify women’s non–participation in certain sport and leisure activities. I identify three resources that participants use to sustain sexist accounts, and bolster their arguments against attack. A fourth resource problematises just what counts as sexist talk, and provides evidence for the ways in which participants themselves can exploit sexist arguments in an ironic fashion to expose and challenge sexist assumptions. I end by considering the implications of this approach for future work on sexist talk, and discursive work on the relationship between gender and language more generally.     

被扭曲的犹太人形象的艺术表达和文化诠释--重读《威尼斯商人》

一部名著的接受历史,一方面受到作家主观意图和文本自身的直接限制;另一方面更受到接受者审美态度、价值立场、民族偏见、经济利益等诸方面条件的限制.自古以来,以犹太人作为嘲讽、揶揄和抨击对象的文学作品充斥文学史,最有影响的人物形象莫过于莎士比亚的<威尼斯商人>中的主人公夏洛克.这个人物身上承载了犹太人几千年来的耻辱和辛酸,而由于民族和种族偏见引起的各种历史和现实的恶果一直到今天还在延续着,这虽然不能简单的归咎于作家、评论家,但引起警觉和反省总是必要的.     

Reducing Prejudice Within Community-Based Organizations

ABSTRACT

Efforts to help community-based organizations (CBOs) develop interventions that reduce prejudice within the workplace and during service provision can be informed by social psychological prejudice reduction techniques, which tend to be successful in controlled laboratory settings but have limitations that inhibit utility in applied settings. Alternatively, the use of diversity training to reduce prejudice has increased within the for-profit sector, but is rarely applied to CBOs. This article discusses the overlap between the basic and applied literatures, and how community practitioners can use the information gained from both to support CBOs who encounter challenges with diversity.     

两晋之际的南北成见——对陈寅恪先生“南北界限说”的补充

永嘉南渡,北来士族避乱江南。在此退后一步即为茫茫大海之地,北来士族面对异族进踞之中原,只能同江南士族携手。关于东晋的立国基础,陈寅恪先生认为,“北来士族与江东士族协力所建”。“南北界限比起夷夏界限,又微不足道了。”但南北成见在两晋之际并没有迅速消融,他们之间的分分合合经历了一个漫长的过程。     

多元文化格局中的中国少数民族文学

多元文化论是在人类面临诸多生存威胁的语境中逐步得到特别强调的,多元文化格局中的中国少数民族文学的走向和命运,乃是多元文化格局的一个重要部分.如今,保护民族文化已经成为中国学界和社会各界的共识,因为人们越来越意识到,它不仅是文学建设问题,而且是关涉到社会和谐发展的问题.在保护和研究民族文学和文化的过程中,我们首先应当警觉和尽力消除文化偏见和文化歧视.