Exploring the Relationship Between Public Opinion and Personal Attitudes and Behavior Toward Lesbians and Gay Men: Social Conformity Revisited

This study investigated the relationship between social conformity, gender-role egalitarianism, and personal levels of heterosexism, or prejudice based on same-sex orientation. Mock public opinion polls of a positive or negative nature regarding same-sex orientation were used to study attitudinal and behavioral change of participants and attitude-behavior consistency. The study sample included 194 undergraduate students from a Midwestern university. A correlation existed between participants' traditional gender role beliefs and heterosexism. Participants who viewed the positive public opinion poll demonstrated behavioral support for a lesbian and gay organization, as did participants with positive attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Findings are analyzed within a social prejudice framework.     

The Influence of the Expression of Subtle and Blatant Sexual Prejudice on Personal Prejudice and Identification With the Expresser

ABSTRACT

Although the negative consequences of subtle and blatant prejudice for the targets of prejudice are clear in the psychological literature, the impact of exposure to subtle and blatant prejudice on non-targets remains unclear. The current work examines how exposure to blatant and subtle sexual prejudice affects non-targets’ personal endorsement of prejudice and their identification with the prejudice expresser. Results suggest that relative to exposure to blatant or neutral expressions of prejudice, exposure to subtle prejudice increased prejudice levels. Individuals were also more likely to distance from the prejudice expresser when exposed to blatant compared to subtle prejudice. The implications are discussed.     

A Comparative Study of Attitudes Toward Same-Gender Parenting and Gay and Lesbian Rights in Portugal and in Mexico

ABSTRACT

The belief that gay men and lesbians are unable to provide a stable environment in which to raise children fuels manifestations of sexual prejudice that are still highly prevalent in Portugal and Mexico. The aim of this study was to assess attitudes toward same-gender parenting and gay and lesbian rights, as well as beliefs about the controllability of homosexuality among a sample of 531 university students. A further aim was to assess the predictors of attitudes toward same-gender parenting. Results revealed the existence of ambivalent attitudes toward same-gender parenting. The belief that homosexuality is a choice and thus controllable in particular explained over 50% of the total variance of attitudes toward same-gender parenting. Being a man, older, and highly religious predicted higher levels of sexual prejudice regarding same-gender parenting. Comparative cross-cultural studies have the potential to highlight common features but also specificities of sexual prejudice.     

Differentiating Contemporary Racial Prejudice from Old-Fashioned Racial Prejudice

The present study addresses the distinction between contemporary and old-fashioned prejudice using survey data from a national sample (n = 600) of self-identified whites living in the United States and interviewed by telephone in 2001. First, we examine associations among indicators of contemporary and old-fashioned prejudice. Consistent with the literature, contemporary and old-fashioned prejudice indicators represent two distinct but correlated common factors. Second, we examine whether belief in genetic race differences uniformly predicts both types of prejudice. As might be expected, belief in genetic race differences predicts old-fashioned prejudice but contrary to recent theorizing, it also predicts contemporary prejudice.     

跨文化文本理解的哲学诠释学视域

当代哲学诠释学中关于文本理解与解释的理论为跨文化文本理解方面的研究提供了哲学反思的空间。从跨文化文本理解的历史性、理解者与原文本作者视域融合的不可或缺性,以及跨文化理解中理解者偏见的合法性等三方面展开研究,可以为跨文化文本理解的研究寻求一种哲学诠释学视域,从而使跨文化文本的解读从以往的表面化范式中得到理论升迁,进入跨文化理解的一种新的视界。     

试析《傲慢与偏见》和女性写作立场

在女性文学写作的历史上,简·奥斯丁作出了开拓性的努力。她的小说《傲慢与偏见》通过建构一个全知视角下具有一定限制性的叙述格局,完成了对文学经典叙述模式的超越。作家拒绝男性的宏大叙事和写作范式,忠实于自身的经验世界和生活感受,特立独行地撑起一方女性写作的天空,在一定程度上建构起了女性文学的主体意识,确立了女性写作的基点。     

WTO《SCM协定》中的“同类产品”——以“欧美大型民用飞机贸易措施争端”为例

“同类产品”的界定关系到判断一国补贴措施是否符合WTO《SCM协定》。而《SCM协定》中“同类产品”定义非常抽象和模糊,加上WTO实践对“同类产品”的认定没有统一标准,这不利于WTO成员准确地履行《SCM协定》下的义务。通过分析欧美大型民用飞机贸易争端中WTO争端解决机构对“同类产品”的理解,结合《SCM协定》“同类产品”条款的法理解释,认为:《SCM》协定下“同类产品”的界定首先应满足《SCM协定》注46的规定。其次,在“相关市场中产品之间的竞争关系”是认定《SCM协定》中“同类产品”诸多因素中尤其值得重视、提倡和采用的判断标准。     

人格对特殊教育专业大学生专业认同的影响

采用大学生专业认同问卷、中国大五人格问卷（简式版）和感受到的社会偏见问卷对310名特殊教育专业大学生进行调查,以探讨特殊教育专业大学生专业认同、人格类型与感受到的社会偏见之间的关系。结果发现：（1）特殊教育专业大学生的专业认同与前途偏见、专业偏见呈显著负相关,与严谨性、宜人性、开放性和外向性4种人格呈显著正相关,而与神经质人格呈显著负相关;（2）严谨性、宜人性和开放性人格对特殊教育专业大学生的专业认同具有直接效应,神经质和外向性人格的特殊教育专业大学生通过感受到的专业偏见间接影响其专业认同。     

论郭象的是非观

郭象的是非观是通过对庄子是非之辨的注解而得以阐发的。郭象认为"成心"是是非产生的根源,并以相对的方法对是非的齐同进行了层层论证。因郭象的是非观服从于其适性逍遥的核心理论,故对是非齐同进行相对性论证的目的即在于对"成心"的肯认,并进而以顺任成心齐是非、言性足,最终则归结为对"性分自足"逍遥义的证成。郭象的是非观在理论上是对庄子是非之辨的重大歧出与有意误读。     

Perceived Similarity With Gay Men Mediates the Effect of Antifemininity on Heterosexual Men’s Antigay Prejudice

This research examined the hypothesis that heterosexual men’s motivation to differentiate themselves from gay men mediates the relationship between the antifemininity norm of masculinity and antigay prejudice. We assessed masculinity through three concepts: status, thoughness, and antifemininity. Participants then reported their perceived similarity with gay men and their antigay prejudice. The results showed that antifemininity was the best predictor of both perceived similarity and antigay prejudice: The more people endorsed the antifemininity norm, the more they perceived themselves as dissimilar from gay men and showed antigay prejudice. More important, perceived similarity mediated the effect of antifemininity on antigay prejudice. These findings provide direct evidence for the link between masculinity and the motivation to differentiate oneself from gay men, and they suggest that antigay prejudice accomplishes the identity function of maintaining unambiguous gender boundaries.