彝族人口结构特征分析--基于第六次人口普查数据分析

本文主要利用第六次人口普查资料,对彝族的人口规模和年龄结构、受教育程度、婚姻和生育状况以及职业行业情况,进行分性别、分民族的比较研究。研究发现彝族人口规模呈现阶段性增长,总抚养比比较高,人口负担重;受教育程度低,且呈现性别和民族上的差异;从婚姻家庭状况来看,彝族女性更倾向于与汉族通婚,在生育上重男轻女现象依然很严重;从职业上看,彝族主要从事第一产业,而第二和第三产业发展不足,远远落后汉族地区;在未工作人口中,女性料理家务的比例依然较高,传统的性别角色分工观念依然根深蒂固。     

上海家庭结构特征分析

目前,上海家庭结构总体呈现:夫妇核心家庭、一人户家庭明显上升;标准核心家庭明显下降;三代直系家庭维持稳定。但是,从上海户籍细分来看,外来人口家庭结构已在很大程度上影响了上海的家庭结构模式,并在一人户家庭、夫妇核心家庭、标准核心家庭、三代直系家庭等家庭结构方面与上海户籍家庭存在着巨大的差异。基于第六次人口普查数据分析,提出以下建议:外来人口家庭已成为上海家庭结构中的重要单元,面对外来人口家庭结构年轻化的特点,对教育、卫生等公共服务设施的配备要未雨绸缪;上海户籍家庭的晚婚晚育与低生育率显著,合理的生育政策将有助于家庭间的代际扶持;上海户籍三代直系家庭比例保持稳定,政府应鼓励这种代际扶持。     

Counting people in the data revolution era: challenges and opportunities for population censuses*

Changes in technology, society and individual behaviours are having impressive effects on data production and use. Social networks, sensors and data infrastructure are generating a massive amount of new data (big data, big corpora, linked data, open data, etc.) that are readily available for the analysis of societies. Official statistics too is starting to pay attention to these unofficial data sources, to the aim of using them within the production processes. Despite the potentials of new data for statistical production, so far we can depict two main effects on official statistics, and especially on population censuses. First of all, there is the digitalization of data construction through both new instruments (e.g. web questionnaires) and new means of collection (e.g. tablets). Furthermore, the integration and the scaling-up of data archives is ongoing. This transition from the traditional ‘door-to-door’ census to new census methods, which make an higher use of technology, is not only a technical result, but it reflects the extent to which digital data are changing the routines of production of statistics and their use to gain social knowledge.     

科学估算当前农村人口数量及城市化率

依据常住人口来统计城乡人口的办法不科学,因为进城务工经商的大多数农民的收入不足以维持他们在城市完成家庭和劳动力的再生产,他们只是城市的"过客",他们必须依托农村来完成劳动力的再生产。因此,当前农村人口总数不应该是"五普"公布的8.07亿,而应是8.8亿左右。相应地,农村人口占全国人口的比重不应是"五普"公布的63.91%,而应是70%左右。     

1990年以后的中国人口迁移研究综述

我国改革开放以来的人口迁移从规模到强度均呈现强势发展状态。人口迁移现象相较于改革开放前完全计划经济时代有着更大的主动性和灵活性。1990年人口普查首次将人口迁移的项目列入其中,使众多的研究人员获得了全面把握我国人口迁移的机会,有关人口迁移的研究也随之活跃起来。对1990年以来中国人口迁移状况的研究大致集中在了回顾,并从城市规划角度提出有待进一步研究的方向及意义。     

合肥高新区生物医药产业发展现状及对策研究——基于全国经济普查数据的开发利用

生物医药产业已经成为合肥高新区的四大主导产业之一,大力发展生物医药产业,对合肥高新区经济的发展和区域竞争力的提高具有重要意义。文章利用全国经济普查资料,对合肥高新区生物医药产业发展状况进行分析,找出合肥高新区生物医药产业发展中存在的问题,并提出有针对性的对策建议。     

Counting the cost of difference: a reply to Sullivan

ABSTRACT

Counting the Cost of Difference’ replies to Alice Sullivan’s piece on gender auditing in the UK Census. While Sullivan argues that the proposed changes to audit gender identity will dilute the meaning of ‘sex’ and thus the needs of women, I suggest that auditing on self-declared gender in Census 2021 signals a move towards the further recognition that gender is fluidly and diversely experienced and practiced in contemporary society. This should, I suggest, be welcomed rather than feared by feminist thinkers.     

Sex and the census: why surveys should not conflate sex and gender identity

ABSTRACT

The UK census authorities have proposed guidance for the 2021 census indicating that the sex question may be answered according to subjective gender identity. This raises issues about the measurement of sex and gender identity which other data collection exercises are also contending with. This paper addresses the questions that have arisen regarding the census, before going on to explain how these questions have emerged more widely. Finally, I address the difficulties of discussing the collection of data on sex in a climate of policy capture and silencing.     

Should trans people be postmodernist in the streets but positivist in the spreadsheets? A reply to Sullivan

ABSTRACT

Accurate census data is essential for a variety of government planning functions and plays an important methodological role in social science. This article responds to issues raised by Alice Sullivan concerning how the UK 2021 census will ask about sex and gender. The two-centuries-old question about male/female sex is not ideal, even with the new guidance proposed; however, I will argue that the proposed changes are unlikely to cause harm. The new open-ended census question on gender identity is welcome and will yield important data. I also respond to Sullivan‘s worries that “queer postmodernists” are “coming for” questionnaires and threaten the sanctity of scientific fact. Sullivan misrepresents trans-inclusive gender theories and how scientific research explaining sex/gender differences is carried out. Finally, I discuss how questioning the ontological reality of trans gender identities leads to transphobic harassment and worse.     

Can we study the family environment through census data? A comparison of households,dwellings, and domestic units in rural Mali

Are ‘statistical households’, as defined in national censuses, able to describe the family environment in Africa? Do they correspond to the family units that individuals identify with? To address this issue, we build on a follow-up survey in south-east Mali, which links national censuses with local censuses at the individual level (N?≈?28,000 census observations). Three cross-sectional snapshots of family arrangements are compared: households recorded in national censuses, and family economic units and residential units recorded by local censuses. The national census household data appear poorly suited to documenting family living arrangements. They do not account for family economic units or residential units, but are highly conditioned by a normative representation centred on the nuclear family. Therefore, they fail to describe the complexity and diversity of people’s living spaces, making particular types of living arrangements invisible and increasing the likelihood of omitting individuals who do not fit into a nuclear model.