Gentrification without Gentry in a Declining Global City?: Vertical Expansion of Tokyo and Its Urban Meaning1

This article explores the reasons for the vertical expansion of cities till the 2020s by analyzing the history of urban space production for about half a century, using Tokyo as an example. As a concept, gentrification partially explains the changes in Tokyo. However, summarizing the entire urban transformation as a gentrification trend can lead to some misunderstandings. Most of the development took the form of simply rebuilding skyscrapers in limited areas, rather than the displacement of an entire class in the whole district. Consequently, the sharp contrast between island‐like skyscrapers and the densely populated small houses surrounding them became the typical landscape of current semi‐gentrified Tokyo. Instead of gentrification, “gentrification without gentry” would be a better expression for describing most cases in Tokyo. Alliances for urban speculation are always embedded in multi‐scale conditions in a globalizing world along with the inherent historical and structural constitution of the city. Through dynamic but contingent processes, a structure was constructed to promote urban development in a way that might exceed the actual demands. In the case of Tokyo, the bubble economy era and its effects, a would‐be global city ideology, mega‐events such as the Olympic Games, and expected earthquakes had a distinct influence on other common factors.     

Trajectories of Breadth of Participation in Organized Activity During Childhood

This study aimed to identify the trajectories of breadth of participation in organized activities during childhood and to examine the predictors of membership in these trajectories (child's individual and family characteristics measured in Kindergarten). A sample of 1038 children, recruited in Kindergarten, was assessed yearly between Kindergarten and grade 4. Semiparametric group‐based modeling brought out four trajectories: the no participation group (13.5 percent), the increasing group (26.4 percent), the decreasing group (14.1 percent), and the high group (46.1 percent). Prosociality predicted membership in the no participation group, as compared with the increasing group. Social withdrawal predicted membership in the no participation group, as compared with the high group. High family income and higher maternal education predicted membership in the increasing, decreasing, and high trajectory groups, as compared with the no participation group. Higher paternal education predicted membership in the high group, as compared with the increasing group. Overall, family variables had a greater impact than individual variables on the probability that the child would participate in a broader range of organized activities.     

*内涵式发展视角下高校人才培养质量提升路径探析

当前，我国已进入改革发展的关键时期，经济体制深刻变革，社会结构深刻变动，利益格局深刻调整，思想观念深刻变化，与之相伴的是，对人才的需求和标准也在不断地提高。高校作为人才培养的重要基地，能否为社会培养优秀人才是衡量一所学校办学水平、办学质量、办学能力的重要参考指标。要注重对大学生的怀疑精神、求真精神、拼搏精神等三种精神的培养与塑造。要通过实行导师制、促进文理交融、打造学分互认体系、改变教学方法、构建科学的课程体系等手段，全面提高人才培养质量，促进高校内涵式发展。     

社区建设——我国社会建设的基础路径

社区建设与社会建设有着共同霸标与构造，其本质在于居民之间的和谐关系与共同生活的参与，是社会建设的微观基础，这一结论也被世界社区建设历程所证实。我国社会建设经由社区建设有其特定的时代必然性，社区在社会管理职能实施、社会组织建设和社会建设目标的实现等方面有着独特价值与意义，社区建设应成为我国社会建设的基础路径。     

游戏中的叙述者——论废名小说中叙述者的游戏叙述策略

废名的叙述中,对文体界限的突破,对叙述规范的逾越,对别扭的叙述话语的刻意选择,及其文中扑朔迷离的“花园路”句子,破绽百出的语法,随心所欲的叙述风格,都充分显示了其游戏精神。隆重的叙述仪式与并不隆重的日常生活之间的距离给了读者反省的空间：在超越了情节与离奇不经的生活之后,日常生活的丰富性与独特性让我们困惑.同时,废名的叙述者出于一种安全选择的叙述策略,刻意暴露自己和隐藏自己,以求获得一种叙述的安全感。     

应急物资调运时间为区间数的路径优化研究

现有文献中研究的或者是应急物资从单个应急服务点运送到单个应急需求点的不确定型路径优化问题或者是应急物资从单个应急服务点到多个应急需求点的确定型路径优化问题。本文研究了应急车辆将应急物资从单个应急服务点运送到多个应急需求点并且经过各路段所花费的时间均为不确定的区间数的封闭式路径优化问题,给出了区间数的运算方法和模型算法,并用算例进行了验算。     

地方非中心城市高校学科建设快速科学发展的原则、路径与对策

非中心城市高校缘于地域、历史、辖属等多种因素,致使在新一轮高校学科建设的竞争中处于不利境地,欲使学科建设有快速发展,既要将其真正摆在龙头地位,还要科学地掌握学科建设的原则,寻找到学科建设快速发展的路径,恰当运用学科建设快速发展的策略。惟有如此,经过较长时间的积累发展,方能使学科建设得到快速发展,使学科建设水平整体攀升,学校的核心竞争力得到较大幅度提升。     

Developmental Trajectories of Head Start Children's Reading and Home Environment Scores: Across Ethnicities

ABSTRACT

To investigate the relationship of ethnicity in the development of children in Head Start, this study examined the associations between ethnicities and reading trajectories and whether trajectories of home environment could over time explain their differential associations. Participants (N = 696) were selected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data. Results indicated some similarities and differences in the results obtained. Study findings suggest including an environmentally sensitive family component in Head Start and suggest an early enrollment policy targeting at-risk populations to maintain long-term Head Start impacts across ethnicities. Future research and follow-up studies should investigate other family components that positively affect long-term development among Black, Hispanic, and White children participating in the Head Start program.     

农村公共产品供给困境实例分析——以新型农村合作医疗为例

我国农村公共产品供给缺失、不足的现状积弊已久,应更多地予以其关注,加大供给投入和力度。鉴于医疗供给上的特殊性,及长期以来医疗供给存在的诸多弊端,本文以此为例,着重从空间布局和结构布局两个维度分析当前农村卫生服务体系建设的相关突出问题,并进行规避路径探析,俾使新型农村合作医疗的构建与完善能更贴近实际需求,能更快、更好地产生实效。     

论武陵地区历史上的族际通婚

族际通婚是反映武陵地区民族关系发展变化的一个重要变量。该地区历史上的族际通婚大致经历了先秦时期、秦汉至唐宋时期、元明清至民国时期等三个历史阶段,形成了由个别通婚向集群通婚发展、由上层统治者通婚向下层民众通婚发展、由一般通婚向民族融合发展的历史轨迹。影响该地区族际通婚的主要因素有政治因素、经济因素、文化因素、心理因素、自然因素五种因素。