Consequences of Male Partner Violence for Low‐Income Minority Women

The current study used a random sample of 563 low‐income women to test Johnson's (1995) theory that there are two major forms of male‐partner violence, situational couple violence and intimate terrorism, which are distinguished in terms of their embeddedness in a general pattern of control. The study examined the associations between type of violence experienced and respondents’ physical health, psychological distress, and economic well‐being. Analyses revealed three distinct patterns of partner violence: intimate terrorism, control/no threat, and situational couple violence. Compared to victims of control/no threat and situational couple violence, victims of intimate terrorism reported more injuries from physical violence and more work/activity time lost because of injuries. Compared to women who experienced no violence in the previous year, victims of intimate terrorism reported a greater likelihood of visiting a doctor, poorer health, more psychological distress, and a greater likelihood of receiving government assistance.     

对我校本科生考研意向的调查与分析

随着就业形势的日趋严峻,越来越多的本科生选择了考研来谋求个人的发展.文章采用调查问卷的方式,对地方工科院校本科生的考研意向进行了详细的了解,并在此基础上进行了多项目的详尽分析.     

健康风险与喷洒污水产生的喷雾中微生物浓度的关系

与喷洒处理后的生活污水产生的喷雾相关联的细菌健康风险难于控制.在Rolleston 污水处理厂进行喷雾取样,符合取水权条件.Rolleston 采用延时曝气, UV 处理和土地喷雾灌溉.虽然喷洒液中有大肠杆菌,即使采用非选择性媒介,用Andersen 采样器收集不到.在微小杆菌芽孢计数为 1000 /100 ml,在暴露在相当于一个人靠近喷雾器站两小时的空气体积的琼脂皿上只生长出三个菌群.三个芽孢可能没有暴露在空气中,因为可能被污染了.因为存留在空气中的液滴体积较小,微生物存在的机会较低,除非喷洒液中微生物浓度较高.如果排放物中某微生物含量10,000 /100 ml ,则直径100 (m 的颗粒含有一个或多个微生物的机会是0.005% . 进行了野外实验,以确定排放物中微生物数量和喷雾雾珠大小比例关系,该雾珠可能进入人的肺部且含有微生物. 两株小芽孢杆菌是一样的,只对两种抗生素的抵抗力不同,混入水中喷洒.用装有含适当抗生素琼脂皿的几对六级Andersen 采样器收集雾珠/ 颗粒.结果表明,当喷洒悬浮液中芽孢浓度平均大一百倍时,六级Andersen采样器收集(即可能进入人肺)的雾珠/ 颗粒数量平均大五十倍.因此,如果始终(就像食品厂进行有害分析和关键点控制)可检测排放物,确保要喷洒的排放物中致病菌水平始终较低,则对于公共健康风险,这应当是比监测大气更容易更可靠的测试.     

Status Compatibility,Physical Violence,and Emotional Abuse in Intimate Relationships

This article analyzing national data (N = 7,408) examines the connection between men's and women's relative economic contributions in families and the risk of husband‐to‐wife physical violence and emotional abuse. Family violence researchers have conceptualized the association between economic variables and the risk of intimate partner violence with respect to the structural dimensions of sociodemographic factors, whereas feminist researchers connect economic power to family dynamics. Marital dependency and stress frustration theories treat income, education, and employment as socioeconomic resources, whereas some feminist research points to the need for research that treats these economic variables as symbolic resources. Although income and educational attainment reduce women's risk of physical violence and emotional abuse by husbands, I find that status incompatibilities between partners that favor women increase the likelihood of emotional abuse.     

Childhood Abuse and Welfare Use

Policies aimed at reducing welfare use focus solely on adults, yet welfare users very often report experiences of childhood abuse. Such abuse is known to have long-term psychological effects and may set the stage for later welfare use. This study uses a random sample of poor women to determine how a history of childhood abuse relates to the probability of receiving cash and in-kind assistance over a five-year period. It also investigate whether childhood abuse correlates with the length of receipt among program users. Women experiencing both physical and sexual abuse during childhood were 16–25 percentage points more likely than others to use both cash and in-kind programs as adults. Conditional on program use, there was no relation of childhood abuse to the extent of program use during the study period.     

幼儿园教育软暴力的主体诱因与消解路径

告别体罚,教育软暴力逐渐替代传统暴力成为影响幼儿健康成长的重要因素。之所以会出现幼儿园教育软暴力行为,是由于幼儿教师专业伦理意识淡薄、专业知识匮乏,专业能力欠缺、职业认同感低,成功成就的需要不能得到满足。可通过建立幼儿教师专业伦理规范、提升幼儿教师的职业认同感和专业素养水平、完善多层次的教育监管机制等提升幼儿教师队伍的质量,最终达到消解幼儿园教育软暴力的目的。     

地方本科院校开设家政学专业的必要性及实践路径研究

经济的发展和人们价值观念的变革,为家政行业以及家政教育在新时期的腾飞创造了条件。地方本科院校作为地方经济的重要推动者和参与者,其开设家政学专业既是解决家政市场对高层次人才需求旺盛的必然选择,又是凝练"人无我有,人有我精"的地方本科院校办学特色的有效途径,具有必要性和迫切性。基于此,地方本科院校开设家政学专业需通过明确培养目标定位、构建以"职业核心能力培养"为基础的课程体系、畅通师资流通渠道、增强行业自信等措施实现路径选择。     

城市生活垃圾全过程管理中的环境正义问题

生活垃圾快速增长是我国城市发展过程中面临的重要问题与挑战,垃圾填埋场等末端处置设施从选址建设直至运营封场,一直伴随着有关邻避现象和环境正义的争论。近年来,各地大力推进的生活垃圾分类实践进一步将生活垃圾相关议题从末端设施影响拓展至居民源头分类,各环节不同利益相关群体的权利和义务界定成为学界和社会各方关注的焦点。在此背景下,本文辨析了环境正义的内涵,剖析环境权利和环境义务在垃圾管理各环节和各责任主体间的相互联系,基于"权利-义务"相统一视角探讨生活垃圾管理的全过程,对其中各环节及关键因素进行识别,提出了城市生活垃圾全过程管理中的环境正义。研究发现,城市生活垃圾管理过程中的环境正义影响因素由多维度确定,各因素对环境正义的影响作用由环节、相关方、空间尺度等定义;相关环境正义概念应由传统邻避设施引发的环境风险分配延伸至源头分类、次级分拣和末端处置等垃圾管理的全过程;由关注政府和社会公众间的权责争议拓展至居民、物业、居委会和政府间环境义务配置及环境权利让渡的综合调控。研究以环境正义概念为基础构建的垃圾管理全过程视角,可为剖析环境权利、环境义务与垃圾管理各环节中不同责任主体间的相互联系提供参考。     

The characteristics and extent of child abuse: findings from a study of the Swedish Social Services child protection

This paper addresses child abuse and the Social Services protection and builds upon a study of verdicts concerning § 2 Care of Young Persons Act (CYPA). The aim was to explore the extent of, and what characterised, the violence the children were being subjected to. A central finding was that of all the applications of § 2 CYPA during one year concerning 196 children, 13–18 years, 70% concerned children reported as subjected to violence. The violence was in most cases described as severe and systematically exerted over many years with intimidating tactics of power and control. More girls than boys were in question for care because of violence. Girls were also to a greater extent reported as having been subjected to sexual abuse or coercive control of their sexuality in relation to standards regarding honour and virginity. In an international perspective the findings can be said to confirm the need to analyse such factors as gender, power and control when research and interventions concerns children abused by their parents. In a Swedish context the findings can be said to suggest that the § 2 CYPA is a crucial intervention to protect children from violence.     

Corruptus interruptus: the limits of transactional imaginaries in Moi’s Kenya

This article attempts to unsettle treatments of sovereignty that assume an intrinsic relationship between violence and the law even while critiquing the capacity of the law to ground social order through violence. In such discussions, the police become the embodiment of the force of law without content, especially in totalitarian contexts. In contrast, this article explores other conceptions of the police and by extension, sovereignty, at work in Kenya through an examination of police/citizen interactions at a marked political moment – the end of the 24-year rule of Kenyan President Daniel Arap Moi in 2002. Through a particular example of the complicated conviviality that pervades state/society relations in many patrimonial political contexts – in this case between a policeman, a bus driver, and the bus diver’s wife – I attempt to reframe normative conceptions about the police and of enforcement in the context of Kenya’s failing patrimonial economy of circulation and capture in the early 2000s.