民国时期青海省人口统计研究

人口是社会发展的前提与基础,对人口数的还原是再现一个地区在某段时期社会状况的关键。在本文中,笔者通过对有限的资料认真详细的考证、周密细致的分析,论证了民国时期青海省人口发展具有较高的增长率——30‰左右;并以此为基础,对民国时期青海省各个年份的人口数作出估算,希冀能对青海地区社会研究提供借鉴参考。     

浅析中国土族人口分布格局及其社会发展

人口分布格局,既是人在空间分布上呈现出来的地理状态,又是许多附着于分布环境上的社会人文变量的外在表现,因此对其进行研究具有探索自然和认识社会的双重意义。本文就中国土族人口的分布格局进行探讨,从历史和现实两方面分析了形成这种分布的原因,并在此基础上探讨了与人口分布格局密切相关的人口城市化、人口流动、人口素质提高、区域经济发展等社会热点问题,以期为政府政策的制定提供可靠的依据。     

Consistent Probabilistic Social Choice

Two fundamental axioms in social choice theory are consistency with respect to a variable electorate and consistency with respect to components of similar alternatives. In the context of traditional non‐probabilistic social choice, these axioms are incompatible with each other. We show that in the context of probabilistic social choice, these axioms uniquely characterize a function proposed by Fishburn (1984). Fishburn's function returns so‐called maximal lotteries, that is, lotteries that correspond to optimal mixed strategies in the symmetric zero‐sum game induced by the pairwise majority margins. Maximal lotteries are guaranteed to exist due to von Neumann's Minimax Theorem, are almost always unique, and can be efficiently computed using linear programming.     

Nonparametric Estimation of the Number of Drug Users in Hong Kong Using Repeated Multiple Lists

We update a previous approach to the estimation of the size of an open population when there are multiple lists at each time point. Our motivation is 35 years of longitudinal data on the detection of drug users by the Central Registry of Drug Abuse in Hong Kong. We develop a two‐stage smoothing spline approach. This gives a flexible and easily implemented alternative to the previous method which was based on kernel smoothing. The new method retains the property of reducing the variability of the individual estimates at each time point. We evaluate the new method by means of a simulation study that includes an examination of the effects of variable selection. The new method is then applied to data collected by the Central Registry of Drug Abuse. The parameter estimates obtained are compared with the well known Jolly–Seber estimates based on single capture methods.     

老龄化背景下社会养老服务体系需求研究 ——以滁州市为例

已有的以“居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为支撑”的社会养老服务体系实际运行中未达到预期效果,存在目标人群模糊, 核心功能不清等问题。通过滁州市居民养老服务需求的调查,构建需求=意愿×能力的模式,研究老人养老服务意愿,支付养 老服务的能力,提出以照护为核心,在居家养老基础上对空巢、独居老人加强社区综合平台的作用,突出高龄、失能、半失能老 人机构养老的支撑作用,引进社会力量,以满足老年人群多样化多层次需求     

Choosing summary statistics by least angle regression for approximate Bayesian computation

Bayesian statistical inference relies on the posterior distribution. Depending on the model, the posterior can be more or less difficult to derive. In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in complex settings where the likelihood is analytically intractable. In such situations, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) provides an attractive way of carrying out Bayesian inference. For obtaining reliable posterior estimates however, it is important to keep the approximation errors small in ABC. The choice of an appropriate set of summary statistics plays a crucial role in this effort. Here, we report the development of a new algorithm that is based on least angle regression for choosing summary statistics. In two population genetic examples, the performance of the new algorithm is better than a previously proposed approach that uses partial least squares.     

不同城市的房价是否具有相同的人口集聚效应——基于35个大中城市PVAR模型的实证分析

人口集聚会引起房价上涨,但不同类型的城市由于集聚人口的教育程度不同,房价上涨也具有不同的效应。首先建立人口流动理论模型分析人口集聚对房价上涨的影响,然后通过建立房价、人口集聚、房地产投资和人均可支配收入的PVAR模型进行实证分析。结论表明,一类城市人口集聚对房价上涨具有正效应,二类城市为平效应,三类城市为负效应;三类城市的房价上涨主要是房地产投资和人均收入提高所推动的。     

福建省“十一五”期间人口变化与人力资源供给分析

人口预测和人力资源供给分析是为了适应社会经济发展的客观需要而提出的,它们未来的发展状况,对于一个地区的社会经济的发展影响深远。在对福建省"十五"期间人口与人力资源状况分析的基础上,对福建省"十一五"期间人口与人力资源状况进行初步预测,旨在为福建省制定未来的社会经济发展战略提供人口统计上的数据依据。     

完善我国养老保险制度的思考

在分析目前我国养老保险制度面临的问题的基础上,提出了健全和完善养老保险制度的对策措施,以期在加快建设社会主义市场经济体制的过程中逐步完善我国现行的养老保险制度,这既是社会和经济发展的客观要求,也是深化经济体制改革总体方案中的重要环节。     

湖南省区域中心城市发展中的人口问题研究——以长株潭城市群为例

基于长株潭城市群人口发展现状,利用相关人口指标与武汉、广州等经济发达城市相比较,表明长株潭城市群在人口规模、行业人口结构及人口质量等方面存在一些问题,并提出促进城市发展的人口对策。