社会性别公正发展下女博士生导师状况评析

女性博士生导师作为高知识分子的顶尖人才,其发展状况不仅是一个社会学问题,也关系到人才发展战略问题。教育部2009年的统计数字显示,女性科研人员占博士生导师、硕士导师的比重偏低,整个分层体系呈现倒T字形。科学实体的不健全以及棘轮效应、马太效应、管道渗漏效应、排队插队效应等制约了中国女性进入博士生导师领域的进程。而性别社会意识的缺乏是根本原因。建议完善博导制度,真正实现妇女在高等教育中的作用,从而促进全人类教育的发展。     

货回族农村妇女社会资本的占有和动用状况及其分析——以甘肃省临夏回族自治州L村为例

以回族农村妇女为研究对象,从社会资本理论视角,采用定量研究方法,分别对回族农村妇女社会资本的占有和动用情况做了描述和分析。研究发现,回族农村妇女社会资本占有量不足,社会资本动用能力较弱,与她们的社会网络状况和其他因素相关。     

Are baby‐boomers healthy enough to keep working? Health as a mediator of extended labour force participation

One strategy to reduce the economic impact of structural ageing is to increase and/or extend the workforce participation of older workers. Currently, a large proportion of this group consists of post‐World War II baby‐boomers (1946–1965) whose characteristics, experiences and attitudes differ markedly from their predecessors. Maintaining good health underpins strategies to extend workforce participation among baby‐boomers but there is little hard evidence supporting the assumption that baby‐boomers are generally in good health compared to previous generations and will, therefore, be able to work longer. Using a dataset that includes biomedical and self‐reported health for a representative sample of South Australian baby‐boomers, we analyse the extent to which current labour force participation is mediated by health. We find that health is a significant factor in workforce exits. Respondents with fair‐to‐poor self‐rated health, or with diabetes, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiovascular disease, were more likely to be retired or unable to work, and around 10 per cent of older baby‐boomers (born 1946–1955) who have left the workforce rate their health as poor or fair. The data suggest that these patterns are likely to be replicated in younger baby‐boomers (born 1956–1965).     

克莱尔·吉根短篇小说的多重互文书写——以《南极》《走在蓝色的田野上》为例

克莱尔·吉根的短篇小说存在很多人物、故事情节和主题意象的反复呈现。借助互文性理论,发现吉根的小说存在三种互文叙述模式：一是聚焦于女性的孤独和人际关系困境的自涉互文书写;二是爱尔兰乡村故事里基于宗教虔诚情感基调的历时性互文书写;三是充分调动色彩与声音等感官叙述的跨界互文书写。正是其小说运用多重互文的书写策略,吉根创造出一个具有爱尔兰乡村传统的现代生活世界,凝聚对当代女性的孤独个体与婚姻家庭双重困境的哲学性展示,并尝试得出自己独特的思考结论。     

Dynamic Female Labor Supply

The increase in female employment and participation rates is one of the most dramatic changes to have taken place in the economy during the last century. However, while the employment rate of married women more than doubled during the last 50 years, that of unmarried women remained almost constant. To empirically analyze these trends, we estimate a female dynamic labor supply model using an extended version of Eckstein and Wolpin (1989) to compare the various explanations in the literature for the observed trends. This dynamic model provides a much better fit to the life‐cycle employment pattern than a static version of the model and a standard static reduced form model (Heckman (1979)). The main finding using the dynamic model is that the rise in education levels accounts for about 33 percent of the increase in female employment, and the rise in wages and narrowing of the gender wage gap account for another 20 percent, while about 40 percent remains unexplained by observed household characteristics. We show that this unexplained portion can be empirically attributed to cohort‐specific changes in preferences or the costs of child‐rearing and household maintenance. Finally, the decline in fertility and the increase in divorce rates account for only a small share of the increase in female employment rates.     

从马克思主义的平等观解读“男女平等”

不同的意识形态对男女平等的涵义有着不同的解读,根据马克思主义的平等理论,男女平等应是两性政治平等和经济社会平等的统一,是权利平等和义务平等的统一,也是两性平等与两性自由发展的统一。对男女平等内涵的重新思考和认知,有利于在改革开放的时代条件下,推动中国妇女运动的进一步发展。     

穿越剧中的“灰姑娘”情结

以女性为主要受众群体的穿越剧多采用灰姑娘的叙事模式。以“穿越”为契机,穿越版的灰姑娘形象揭示了现代女性自我表达、自我实现的深层心理诉求。“多马王子”现象则反映了现代女性在消费文化背景下的情感需求,而她们对待情敌和敌人的态度更是女性独立、自信的体现。在女性视角下,灰姑娘们张扬个性、表达自我,在消费文化的大潮中成为女性观众的偶像。     

女性语言与女性书写——早期词作中的歌伎之词（下）

从“性别与文化”的视角,对早期词作中的歌伎之词之美感特质进行了深入的探讨。论述主要围绕女性语言与女性书写展开:“女性语言”是指女性之词在语言中所表现的女性之内容情思;“女性书写”则是指女性在从事词之写作时所表现的写作方式与风格。通过对词例的分析认为,第一类文化层次较低的歌伎所写之歌词,因其“男性书写”格式之习染与约束较少,表现为生动变化而赋予本真的生命之感发;第二类与文士往来的文化层次较高的歌伎之词,则因受到文士们“男性写作”方式的影响,表现出双性的美感。     

意识形态与谢芳的身体呈现

明星身体是社会观念和话语实践的产物,也是时代社会意识形态的符号化表征。新中国建立后的"十七年"间,电影明星在银幕上的身体呈现方式就精确地阐释了当时意识形态对女性气质、女性身体的想象,以及对女性社会价值的期许。