Mediated Partnerships

This paper studies partnerships that employ a mediator to improve their contractual ability. Intuitively, profitable deviations must be attributable, that is, there must be some group behavior such that an individual can be statistically identified as innocent, to provide incentives in partnerships. Mediated partnerships add value by effectively using different behavior to attribute different deviations. As a result, mediated partnerships are necessary to provide the right incentives in a wide range of economic environments.     

本科毕业论文工作系统及提高论文质量的创新着力点探索

本科毕业论文的价值不仅指论文本身的价值,更重要的是写作论文的过程所获得的收获;应当通过监控和优化本科毕业论文的工作运行系统以保障论文质量,并让学生在过程中获得训练与体验。     

媒体监督对公司治理中的投资者保护

转型经济中正式制度的失灵或低效使得媒体监督作为一种法律外替代机制在公司治理中发挥着重要作用,媒体监督能够降低外部投资者的信息不对称程度,提升公司治理效率。结合媒体监督与公司治理的耦合机理,分析了媒体监督在公司治理中对投资者保护的作用,指出媒体的信息制造功能有利于缓解公司治理中的信息不对称,从而迫使公司高管改变行为,并通过声誉机制对投资者的决策行为发挥引导作用。从媒体公信力、公司公共关系努力以及共同社会价值取向等方面总结了影响媒体监督发挥非正式治理作用的因素。结合我国实际情况分析了媒体监督所遇到的困境,并给出了提高我国媒体监督在公司治理和投资者保护中发挥作用的建议。     

高校权力运行监控机制存在的问题及其对策

近年来,高校权力腐败案件频繁发生,引起了社会的广泛关注。高校已经成为权力腐败的高危领域,迫切要求加强高校反腐倡廉工作。高校权力运行模式一般包括决策、执行、评价三个环节,要构建覆盖各个环节和全过程的权力运行监控机制,一是构建决策风险评估机制,对权力运行前实施风险预警;二是构建＂三结合＂的监控合力机制,充分调动各方面积极因素;三是构建＂一述双评＂的权力纠偏机制,实现权力评价的＂三个转变＂。     

作为国家正式制度的信访制度

为什么信访制度在中国延续了几千年?本文研究发现,信访制度不是老百姓建立的,而是中央政府建立的;不是非正式制度,而是国家正式制度,是中国政治体制的重要组成部分,是管理国家的日常形式;信访制度既是为百姓服务的,更是为国家服务的,是为了弥补体制缺陷和国家长治久安而建立起来的。     

Monitoring Nonlinear Profiles with Random Effects by Nonparametric Regression

The monitoring of process/product profiles is presently a growing and promising area of research in statistical process control. This study is aimed at developing monitoring schemes for nonlinear profiles with random effects. We utilize the technique of principal components analysis to analyze the covariance structure of the profiles and propose monitoring schemes based on principal component (PC) scores. The number of the PC scores used in constructing control charts is crucial to the detecting power. In the Phase I analysis of historical data, due to the dependency of the PC-scores, we adopt the usual Hotelling T ² chart to check the stability. For Phase II monitoring, we study individual PC-score control charts, a combined chart scheme that combines all the PC-score charts, and a T ² chart. Although an individual PC-score chart may be perfect for monitoring a particular mode of variation, a chart that can detect general shifts, such as the T ² chart and the combined chart scheme, is more feasible in practice. The performances of the schemes under study are evaluated in terms of the average run length.     

A Design of s Control Charts with a Combined Double Sampling and Variable Sampling Interval Scheme

In this paper, we propose new estimation techniques in connection with the system of S-distributions. Besides “exact” maximum likelihood (ML), we propose simulated ML and a characteristic function-based procedure. The “exact” and simulated likelihoods can be used to provide numerical, MCMC-based Bayesian inferences.     

More flexible sequential and non-sequential designs in long-term clinical trial

In this paper, we describe decision making procedures as they exist in most clinical trials,review some recently suggested approaches to monitoring and clarify how these methods allow greater flexibility in monitoring and explicit specification of data monitoring methods in the protocol.     

Zone control charts with estimated parameters for detecting prespecified changes in linear profiles

ABSTRACT

In profile monitoring, control charts are proposed to detect unanticipated changes, and it is usually assumed that the in-control parameters are known. However, due to the characteristics of a system or process, the prespecified changes would appear in the process. Moreover, in most applications, the in-control parameters are usually unknown. To overcome these issues, we develop the zone control charts with estimated parameters to detect small shifts of these prespecified changes. The effects of estimation error have been investigated on the performance of the proposed charts. To account for the practitioner-to-practitioner variability, the expected average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of the average run length (SDARL) is used as the performance metrics. Our results show that the estimation error results in the significant variation in the ARL distribution. Furthermore, in order to adequately reduce the variability, more phase I samples are required in terms of the SDARL metric than that in terms of the expected ARL metric. In addition, more observations on each sampled profile are suggested to improve the charts' performance, especially for small phase I sample sizes. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the performance of the proposed zone control charts.     

A stochastically curtailed two-arm randomised phase II trial design for binary outcomes

Randomised controlled trials are considered the gold standard in trial design. However, phase II oncology trials with a binary outcome are often single-arm. Although a number of reasons exist for choosing a single-arm trial, the primary reason is that single-arm designs require fewer participants than their randomised equivalents. Therefore, the development of novel methodology that makes randomised designs more efficient is of value to the trials community. This article introduces a randomised two-arm binary outcome trial design that includes stochastic curtailment (SC), allowing for the possibility of stopping a trial before the final conclusions are known with certainty. In addition to SC, the proposed design involves the use of a randomised block design, which allows investigators to control the number of interim analyses. This approach is compared with existing designs that also use early stopping, through the use of a loss function comprised of a weighted sum of design characteristics. Comparisons are also made using an example from a real trial. The comparisons show that for many possible loss functions, the proposed design is superior to existing designs. Further, the proposed design may be more practical, by allowing a flexible number of interim analyses. One existing design produces superior design realisations when the anticipated response rate is low. However, when using this design, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis is sensitive to misspecification of the null response rate. Therefore, when considering randomised designs in phase II, we recommend the proposed approach be preferred over other sequential designs.