Young helpline callers and difference: exploring gender, ethnicity and sexuality in helpline access and provision

This article, which has its origin in a feasibility study carried out for three youth telephone helplines, focuses on gender, difference and helpline access by young people. During the research process the writers noted that for the three commissioning helplines, as is the case with the majority of other telephone helplines, approximately two‐thirds of callers are female. A helpline for young Muslims where the gender access ratio was 50/50 stood out as being different in this respect. Until recently, literature on gender and help‐seeking has tended towards making a blanket identification of males as experiencing difficulties in negotiating pathways to help. Although this difficulty of males is evident in relation to both help‐seeking and access to helplines, our study suggests that, at least in relation to helpline usage, when we take culture, ethnicity and sexuality into account, the help‐seeking situation may be more nuanced. This has implications in terms of enabling a cross‐section of young people to access helplines as well as with regard to helpline service development.     

平等与收益的两难抉择--助学贷款政策的国际比较研究

为了体现教育的平等化原则以及减轻财政负担,世界各国政府纷纷推行助学贷款制度,然而在决策中却遇到了平等和效率的两难抉择。面对困境,各国政府做出了各自的决策,有的注重公平,有的注重效率,有的试图兼顾公平和效率,其中的得失成败,可为我国的政策抉择提供借鉴。     

性别觉悟与妇女命运--从分析张洁、王安忆小说的女性人物说起

妇女的性别觉悟,也可以说成妇女个人自我意识的觉醒程度,受个人所处的社会政治、历史经济、文化传统等多方面因素影响决定。妇女性别的觉醒程度在不同时代及不同的个人身上,其表现各有特点,其作用也不尽相同。对妇女自身来讲,则直接影响妇女个人如何面对命运、选择机遇,以至决定最终的人生模式。本文试图对张洁、王安忆创作的长篇小说《无字》、《长恨歌》中两个主要女性人物一生命运与个人性别觉悟的关系做出分析,探讨这一关系的普遍意义。     

多元文化背景下的教育公平问题

我国是一个拥有 5 6个民族 ,其中 5 5个为少数民族的多民族国家。民族自治区域占全国 6 4 % ,人口超过 1亿 ,操 80多种语言 ,用 39种文字。由于汉族人口占绝大多数 ,且分布广 ,其生产与经营活动范围大 ,所以 ,汉语自然成为各民族的族际语。随着各民族的频繁交流和相互依赖 ,大部分少数民族地区已经形成了“民汉兼通”的双语社会形式 ,也因此建立了以实施双语教育为主的学校教育体系。少数民族地区的学校教育体系是整个国家学校教育体系的一个组成部分 ,虽然教师可以用不同的语言教学生 ,但是教授的内容、评价的标准、选拔的形式 ,即课程和考试的标准却是统一的。从各个地区的中考和高考的情况看 ,少数民族学生被淘汰的比例远远高于汉族学生。许多研究也证明 ,大多数少数民族学生在小学和中学的学习有困难 ,甚至跟不上学习进度 ,辍学率较高。许多专家经过研究后归纳出了多种原因 :或是智商问题 ;或是人口素质问题 ;或是经验与文化上的冲突 ;或是对学校教育的不适应 ;或是经济贫困等原因。这些原因都有一定道理 ,但有一个根本的问题 ,即应当从教育公平方面探讨少数民族学生的教育问题     

Equal opportunities,true options or hidden unemployment? A comparative perspective on labour‐market marginality

Previous studies have shown that women generally adjust to unemployment better than men. This study shows that young women value work equally as highly as men, and have negative feelings when unemployed, which indicates the existence of a closed gender gap. However, children have a different influence on men's and women's unemployment experiences. Being a parent increases job-search activity and work involvement among men. On the other hand, children moderate negative experiences of unemployment among women, and they decrease their job-search activity and work involvement. Being a parent increases labour-market marginality among young unemployed women. For young men it is a motivational factor for searching for and getting a job. The comparison shows furthermore that patterns of re-employment vary in the involved countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Scotland. They reflect differences in the overall unemployment situation in the countries and the welfare strategies applied.     

贝娄小说中知识分子夫妻之间的权力关系

美国诺贝尔文学奖得主索尔·贝娄小说中知识分子夫妻之间的权力关系有三种模式 :竞争、控制、平等 ;两种性质 :压抑性和生产性。作者在小说中 ,对压抑性的权力关系作否定、贬抑的描绘 ;对生产性的权力关系作肯定、赞美的描述。贝娄的小说通过揭示男女知识分子之间的权力关系 ,突出了这些女性人物本身的知识品格和职业道路。     

The Experience of Gender Change in Public Sector Organizations

The state has a twofold relationship to gender change in society, through its overall steering capacity and through the gendered character of its constituent agencies. It is therefore important to understand the experience of gender change in state organizations. The findings from a study of gender relations in ten public‐sector worksites in New South Wales, Australia are presented. There is a widespread consciousness of gender change linked with new labour processes, restructuring and new patterns of management. These changes are uneven and limits to change are visible. Gender is recognized as an organizational problem in specific circumstances, most visibly where men’s resistance to change appears. A number of mechanisms limit the consciousness of gender as a problem. Several trends, including the current strength of neo‐liberalism, converge to make the gender‐neutral workplace the principal goal of gender reform in the public‐sector workplace. This, however, limits the state’s steering capacity in regard to societal gender relations.     

Creating Stepfamilies: Integrating Children Into the Study of Union Formation

As a result of the growth in out‐of‐wedlock childbearing and union instability, adults contemplating forming a new union are often already parents. This article examines the role of children in stepfamily formation, both coresident and not, using the 2,594 respondents in the National Survey of Families and Households who were not living with a partner in 1987/1988. We consider children of the respondent and of the partner, which allows us to examine the determinants of entering a stepfamily. We found that being a coresident father dramatically increases forming a union with a woman with children. Women’s coresidential children reduce women’s odds of forming unions with men who do not have children and increase them for unions with men who do.     

Book Reviews

Book reviews: Rosemary Crompton (ed), Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment: The Decline of the Male Breadwinner Susan Eisenberg, We’ll Call You If We Need You: Experiences of Women Working in Construction Fiona M. Wilson, Organizational Behaviour: A Critical Introduction Rohan Collier, Equality in Managing Service Delivery Joyce K. Fletcher, Disappearing Acts: Gender, Power and Relational Practice at Work Miriam Glucksmann, Cottons and Casuals : The Gendered Organisation of Labour in Time and Space