Determinants of cultural assimilation in the second generation. A longitudinal analysis of values about marriage and sexuality among Moroccan and Turkish migrants

Employing Dutch longitudinal information on 1250 second-generation Moroccan and Turkish migrants we investigate cultural assimilation using attitude questions on marriage and sexuality (including measures of homophobia). Two theoretical approaches guide our analyses. First, it is expected that the family of origin may push migrants in a more conservative direction. Second, it is expected that aspects of individual achievement in social, cultural and socioeconomic domains may pull migrants in more liberal directions. We find that Moroccan and Turkish migrants have considerably more conservative values about marriage and sexuality than natives, but there is also variation within the second generation. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses for migrants indicate that the role of parents is particularly important: migrant children of religiously more orthodox parents and children of parents who were poorly integrated socially and culturally in their youth, currently have more conservative values about marriage and sexuality, even when individual characteristics are controlled for. Of the various aspects of individual achievement, we find that especially social integration of the second generation is a relevant predictor of liberal values, and not socioeconomic indicators of integration. These results remain significant in a stringent longitudinal test which minimises the bias due to reverse causation.     

民营中小企业新生代农民工用工管理研究——基于上下级人际和谐的视角

组织成员的工作行为在很大程度上受人际关系的影响,尤其是垂直的上下级关系,相较于水平的同事关系,员工更为敏感,上下级关系对组织成员行为的影响力更大。而随着新生代农民工逐渐成为我国民营中小企业劳动力的主力军,如何营造和谐的上下级关系,从而提高新生代农民工的工作满意度,成为了民营中小企业日益重视的问题。本研究以上下级人际和谐为研究视角,在采取问卷调查、实证分析研究方法探讨影响我国民营中小企业新生代农民工上下级关系的关键因素的基础上,进而有针对性地提出相应的对策,对于我国民营中小企业用好新生代农民工具有重要的指导意义。     

The unseen protagonists. Ecuadorians’ daughters between Ecuador and Southern Europe

Scholars consider Latin American migration toward Europe to be a case study in the feminization of international migration. However, these studies have not focused on second-generation girls. Beginning from a gender and intergenerational approach, this paper stresses the agency role played by the reunified teenage daughters of Ecuadorian migrants both in Ecuador as well as in Southern Europe. The discussion is based on two transnational ethnographic studies conducted with Ecuadorian children aged 13–18 and their families in two medium-sized Southern European cities, Genoa and Seville, and in Ecuador between 2008 and 2011. First, the paper shows that girls carry out an essential task as caretakers in the transnational household, both in the point of origin and destination. Despite these responsibilities, they show a higher commitment to school, both in terms of time spent in school and their results. Secondly, it analyses how girls negotiate their role both inside and outside of the family, challenging the parents’ moral and sexual control strategies. The results disclose an identity struggle in the everyday lives of these girls: they participate in the migration project of the transnational family, but simultaneously they implement practices of resistance and renegotiation addressing the traditional division of gender roles.     

新型城镇化进程中新生代农民工职业转换能力驱动因素

新生代农民工较之老一代农民工职业流动性更强,职业转换频率更高,其职业转换既包括横向上职业间的转换,也包括纵向上职业升级导致的职业转换。新型城镇化视角下,新生代农民工为了更好地实现城市融合,就有必要强化自身的职业转换能力。本文通过设计问卷对1350名样本进行实地调研,并运用SEM模型对新型城镇化进程中新生代农民工职业转换能力提升的驱动因素进行实证检验,结果表明,性别、年龄、受教育程度等个体因素对其职业转换能力有一定的驱动影响,职业培训与受教育经历等人力资本因素对职业转换能力有正向驱动作用,工资待遇及福利、就业机会、职业升迁、新型城镇化等外部因素对职业转换能力也呈现正向驱动作用。     

Variations of identities among the leaders of a minority group of immigrants

This paper discusses the complex identity of Kessoch immigrants in Israel. One group of Kessoch is regarded as ‘young’ and the other as ‘old’. These are two ‘invisible’ groups, which cope in their own way with their social and cultural marginality. They are delegitimized within both Israeli society and the religious establishment. Among the older Kessoch, the authors differentiated between those who have found new meaning for their life in Israel, while attempting to preserve significant ‘scraps of identity’, and those who are disconnected from their present-day life materials and find little meaning in them. In contrast, the younger Kessoch, 1.5-generation immigrants, express varied behaviour patterns of daily resistance to the host society. Their personalities and leadership patterns also indicate selective adoption of significant bits of reality that suit them. Their intelligent use of ‘scraps of identity’ serves their social integration processes.     

谣言在群体性事件中的生成和消解研究

群体性事件中往往会充斥某种谣言,谣言是一种未加证实的传闻,它对群体性事件的发生起到了激化和点燃效用。谣言之所以能在群体性事件中盛行,主要源于转型期间特殊的社会情势激发了民众对政府和社会的不满、民众的从众心理以及事件本身的起因,深究之,民众不加辩解地选择相信谣言并参与到群体性事件中主要是为了实现某种利益诉求的表达。要想消解群体性事件中的谣言,除了及时客观全面公布真相和排除涉事一方对群体性事件的调查和公布权利之外,还要对造谣者和恶意传播者给予法律手段上的规制,更要依赖于社会公平环境的形成和公权力运行的规范。     

Cultural Trailblazers: Exploring the Career Development of Latina First‐Generation College Students

Latinas in the United States have had historically low college graduation rates, are overrepresented in lower paying occupations, and experience culture‐ and values‐based struggles in obtaining career goals. As Latinas increase their presence as a cultural group in higher education and grow in the U.S. workforce, researchers are called to uncover the challenging and complex career development experience of this diverse group of students. This qualitative study used a grounded theory methodology to explore the values and life‐role salience associated with the career development of Latina 1st‐generation college students at a primarily Caucasian institution. Results included 2 overarching themes with 5 subthemes supporting culturally sensitive career counseling practices while working with this sample. Future research implications examining the efficacy of interventions to help Latina 1st‐generation college students succeed in college are provided.     

追和词的产生及其发展脉络

张先最早将和韵的创作方法用于词中,在和韵从诗坛延展至词坛这一过程中起了至为关键的作用,追和词的产生则在具有典范意义的词人词作出现之后。李之仪《忆秦娥·用太白韵》是现存最早的追和词。直到北宋末年,追和词仍寥寥无几。第一个在词中大量追和前人的词人是生活在南北宋之交的王之道。苏轼、周邦彦作为典范词人在南宋受到较为普遍的追和。金元时期代追和词数量少,追和范围小,但对于苏轼词的追和仍然清晰可见。明人对于唐宋词人词作的追和热情十分高涨,追和词数量大增,形式也更加多样化。清代追和之风兴盛,词人追和态度严肃,和词总体质量较高。     

新生代农民工社会保障问题及其出路

新生代农民工是伴随改革开放而出现的一个新群体,其社会保障权利诉求比父辈们更为强烈,但现实情况是：他们的社会保障权益并没有得到多大改善。第一代农民工社会保障问题亟需政府承认并负担起补偿责任,而新生代农民工的社会保障问题需要国家通过相关法律法规为其搭建起社会保障的政策起点,厘清政府、用人单位和劳动者的社会保障权利、义务和责任,赋予新生代农民工平等的社会权利,同时要未雨绸缪地解决好与之相关的社会问题。     

深度贫困生成逻辑与贫困陷阱跨越路径——习近平关于深度贫困问题重要论述的启示

深入学习习近平关于深度贫困问题重要论述,基于“人业地”综合贫困分析范式,阐释深度贫困与贫困陷阱的生成逻辑,进而提出贫困陷阱跨越的路径。研究认为：深度贫困是“人”的贫困转化及群体间互移、“业”的封闭与锁定、“地”的弱势累积以及“人业地”互构耦合的结果;深度贫困再生累积导致主体性、经济性和空间性贫困陷阱形成,三种陷阱叠加强化则最终形成“低水平生存性均衡”贫困陷阱。要攻克深度贫困、跨越贫困陷阱需要实施“超常之力”干预,即采取权能强化、市场重构、空间优化等强力干预措施及相互配合的综合性治理手段。