It is risky business: can social capital reduce risk-taking behaviours among disadvantaged youth?

This study addresses the gap in the research for sound multidimensional assessment of social capital and its relationship with risk-taking behaviour among youths living in disadvantaged communities. Social capital and adolescent risk-taking outcomes were studied cross-sectionally in 1371 secondary students living in two disadvantaged communities within Australia. First, a multidimensional measure of social capital was developed and tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Then, the associations between social capital and a range of youth risk-taking behaviours were examined using structural equation modelling across five-year groups (Grades 7–12). With a few exceptions, higher levels of social capital and belongingness within the school and community were generally associated with decreases in smoking, alcohol and drug consumption, and physical violence. Some outcomes were more strongly associated with family and peer social capital, while others associated more with neighbour and community social capital, indicating that attempts to build social capital need to be targeted across the whole community. This study supports the notion that social capital can be measured empirically and is beneficial in alleviating many of the detrimental health outcomes commonly associated with risk-taking behaviours during adolescence.     

What mental health professionals in Israel know and think about adolescent problem gambling

Mental health professionals are well versed in addressing multiple adolescent risky behaviours and play a primary role in the identification of and referral process and service provision for young people who engage in such behaviours. Given their ‘person-in-environment’ approach, training in multi-sectoral collaboration, and awareness of social policies, social workers are especially equipped to provide needed mental health services to young people. The aim of the current study was to examine Israeli mental health professionals’ awareness of and attitudes towards adolescent high-risk behaviours, including gambling. Child psychologists, social workers and school counsellors (N = 273) completed an online survey addressing concerns related to high-risk behaviours. Findings revealed that social workers perceived gambling as being among one of the least concerning adolescent mental health issues and reported feeling the least confident in their abilities to provide services to young people with gambling problems. The results suggest the importance of youth gambling addictions being incorporated into social work training curricula.     

Understanding Client Communities Spatially for Developing Effective Interventions: Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Technology for Program Planning in Health and Human Services Agencies

Social workers are better equipped to understand the need to incorporate geographical aspects pertaining to their clients’ lives as part of their practice, given the significant influence these factors have on client well-being. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is a useful tool for administrators and planners to make informed decisions regarding human service programs including examining program outcomes and impact as well as streamlining program implementation. This article synthesizes the literature to date on GIS in health and human services with examples of real world applications.     

习近平人民健康观的产生缘由、思想内涵与实践价值

习近平人民健康观是新时代保障和实现人民健康的世界观和方法论,是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分。习近平人民健康观继承和发展了马克思主义关于人民健康重要论述的理论观点,是对新时代全面建设健康中国新征程的实践慎思。习近平人民健康观有着丰富而又深刻的思想内涵:以建设健康中国为战略目标,以把人民健康放在第一位为根本原则,以坚持中国特色卫生与健康发展道路为科学道路,以加强科技创新为关键举措,以防治结合、联防联控、群防群控为科学方法。习近平人民健康观构建起进行伟大斗争的健康基石,赋予了建设伟大工程的健康使命,激活了推进伟大事业的健康基因,夯实了实现伟大梦想的健康基础。贯彻落实习近平人民健康观,对于新时代统揽“四个伟大”具有重要的实践价值。     

河流健康与水安全思考

河流健康不是严格意义上的科学概念而是一种河流管理的评估工具。人类在开发利用流域水资源的过程中,由于保护不够或滥加利用,一些河流发生污染、断流现象,影响了河流的自然和社会功能,失去了河流的自身价值,危及河流的健康生命。维系河流的健康生命和水安全密切相关。河流污染是我国河流健康的最大威胁,治污是我国现阶段河流生态环境建设的首要任务,同时在水电工程建设中应强化对生态环境的监管。     

贫困大学生心理健康教育工作浅论

本文在分析贫困大学生普遍存在的心理问题的基础上,阐述了加强大学生心理健康教育的主要内容,并积极探索通过心理健康知识宣传、心理评估、个体咨询、团体咨询等途径加大对贫困大学生的心理健康教育力度,以达到提高贫困大学生心理健康水平,促进贫困大学生健康成长的目的。     

健康美--学校体育的理想追求

健康是人类永恒的话题和共同追求的目标,学校体育教育要树立健康第一的指导思想,成为健康和审美的教育."形体与健康"课程的教学目的是通过科学的体育锻炼改变身体形态.文章对此课程的切入点、学习目标分别进行了阐述.     

Delaying factors for maternal health service utilization in eastern Ethiopia: A qualitative exploratory study

BackgroundIn Ethiopia, maternal health service utilization is still unacceptably low. The societal and cultural factors that constrain women from attending these services have not yet been sufficiently explored. Using qualitative methods, we aimed to explore the factors that delay maternal health service utilization in eastern Ethiopia.MethodA total of 13 audio-recorded focus group discussions were conducted comprising 88 participants. We conducted separate group discussions with reproductive aged women, mothers-in-law, traditional birth attendants, husbands, and Health Extension Workers to capture their knowledge, practices, feelings, thoughts and attitudes towards maternal health service utilization. The recorded sessions were transcribed into the local language and then translated into English for analysis.ResultThe study identified a number of factors that may delay maternal health service utilization. Factors were grouped using the Three Delays model as a framework. Low level of awareness regarding need, poor involvement of husband, perceived absence of health problems, social power, community misperceptions and cultural restrictions, negative attitudes towards male midwives, acceptance of traditional birth attendants and poor social networking were Delay One factors. Lack of physical accessibility and high transportation costs were categorised as Delay Two factors for skilled birth care attendance. Perceived or experienced poor quality of care were categorised as Delay Three factors for both skilled birth and postnatal care utilization.ConclusionDespite the ongoing government measures to improve maternal health service utilization in Ethiopia, numerous factors continue to contribute to delays in service use, which in turn contribute to high maternal mortality.     

Breastfeeding experiences and perspectives among women with postnatal depression: A qualitative evidence synthesis

BackgroundStudies show that postnatal depression affects around 10–16% of women globally. It is associated with earlier cessation of breast feeding, which can negatively impact infants’ long-term development. Mechanisms underpinning associations between mental health and women’s decision to commence and continue to breastfeed are complex and poorly understood.AimThe aim of this review was to investigate breastfeeding experiences, perspectives, and support needs of women with postnatal depression. No previous reviews were identified which had addressed this aim.MethodA systematic search was conducted of six databases to identify relevant qualitative studies. Six included studies were critically appraised and synthesised using thematic synthesis.FindingsFive themes were identified: (1) desire to breastfeed and be a ‘good mother’, (2) struggles with breastfeeding, (3) mixed experiences of support from healthcare professionals, (4) importance of practical and social support, (5) support for mental health and breastfeeding. Most women with postnatal depression expressed strong intentions to breastfeed, although some perceived ‘failure’ to breastfeed triggered their mental health problems. Practical and non-judgemental support for their mental health needs and for successful breastfeeding from healthcare professionals, family and friends are needed.ConclusionMost women with postnatal depression desired to breastfeed but experienced breastfeeding difficulties that could impact on their mental health. By offering women with postnatal depression tailored and timely support, healthcare professionals could help women minimize breastfeeding problems which could consequently impact on their mental well-being and ensure they and their infants have opportunity to benefit from the advantages that breastfeeding offers.     

重大突发公共卫生事件中的中小企业多维度社会责任问题探索

企业承担必要的社会责任是企业自身伦理道德的内在要求。肺炎疫情这一重大突发公共卫生事件给中国及世界经济造成了极大的冲击和影响,这就更需要中小企业在这个特殊时期肩负起更大的社会责任。梳理了企业社会责任的相关文献,并从社会、员工、消费者、供应商等维度研究了中小企业在重大突发公共卫生事件时期应当承担的社会责任。