Changes in HIV/AIDS knowledge and testing behavior in Africa: how much and for whom?

Demographic and Health Survey data from nine African countries make it clear that HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge has been increasing. Still, in many cases, fewer than half of adult respondents can identify specific prevention behaviors. Knowledge is lowest in rural areas and among women. HIV testing generally remains rare but is highly variable across countries, likely reflecting differences in the supply of testing services. In most cases, schooling and wealth impacts on prevention knowledge have either been stable or have increased; hence, in the majority of contexts, initial disparities in knowledge by education and wealth levels have persisted or widened.

Suicide and mental health problems among Swedish youth in the wake of the 1990s recession

The purpose of this explorative study is to bring together a variety of Swedish data sources with indicators of youth mental health and living conditions in order to illuminate trends during the last decades, elucidate possible determinants of mental ill health and develop hypotheses to explain the observed trend patterns. The analyses in the study reveal some surprising inconsistencies with respect to the mental health trends among young people during the 1990s. Most striking is the pattern of increasing youth unemployment coinciding with almost inverse trends in the rates of suicide. The secular trends in fatal suicides during this period do not show any increase but some actual decrease in sub‐populations despite high sustained levels of unemployment. In contrast, survey data indicate that the general mental health of youth during this period appears to have deteriorated.     

Does the availability of child care influence the employment of mothers? Findings from western Germany

There is a vast empirical literature investigating the effects of child care costson female employment. Day-care costs are usually treated as a reduction infemale wages and are supposed to reduce a woman's propensity to participatein the labor market. In this paper we argue that an analysis of the effects ofchild care on the employment of mothers in Germany should focus on theavailability rather than the affordability of care, due to peculiarities of theGerman day-care regime. Our empirical findings cast doubt on the effectivenessof the current German day-care regime. Specifically, we question the extent towhich it enables mothers to participate in the labor market.     

关于发展老年卫生健康服务领域的若干思考

本文在界定了老年卫生健康服务领域的基础上,详细地分析了老年人对该领域产品或服务需求的基本现状,认为在现阶段发展老年卫生健康服务领域必须考虑到老年人的购买能力以及消费特点;还要依靠产业政策的扶持带动老年消费市场的持续发展。     

医科与农科大学生SCL——90测查比较研究

用心理卫生自评量表(SCL———90)调查了内蒙古蒙医学院和哲里木畜牧学院两高校大学生的心理健康和差异,结果表明,两高校学生男女总体心理健康水平无明显差异,存在的心理问题各具特点,而医科学生心理问题较多,强度较大。     

扬州市邗江区乡镇预防保健体制改革两种模式的比较研究

扬州市邗江区1999年对全区21所乡镇卫生院进行了产权制度改革。改制前3年,实行“医防合一”体制,从2002年起实行“医防分设”体制。文章采用定性调查和定量调查相结合的方法,比较改革前后农村卫生体系和农村预防保键资源、组织机构、服务效率、监督执法力度、农民满意度等方面的变化。研究表明,“医防分设”是必由之路,为进一步改革和完善预防保健体系提供了依据。     

安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平精算研究

老龄化程度加剧,失能人数增加,是我国社会面临的一大难题,长期护理保险制度在该问题的解决中发挥着重要的作用。我国长期护理保险筹资机制存在参保主体覆盖面不足、筹资渠道单一、筹资水平高低不等、筹资激励措施缺乏等问题。文章将安徽省参保对象分为城镇职工和城乡居民,并将失能人群分为轻度、中度、重度三个等级,运用国际劳工组织(International Labour Organization,ILO)精算模型中的人口、收入、成本、结果等子模型测算安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平。结果显示,2019年安徽省城镇职工医疗保险参保人群的缴费率为0.14%,城乡居民每年需要缴纳96.77元。结合安徽省长期护理保险筹资水平与我国筹资机制实践存在的不足进行讨论,为安徽省长期护理保险筹资机制的设计提出优化建议。     

设立国有医药公司降低虚高药价

公立医疗机构对医疗资源的垄断、政府对药品流通市场监管的不到位、广大消费者对相关政策法律及药品知识的无知是造成当前药价虚高的核心原因;在市场经济条件下,政府应该更多地运用经济和法律手段来解决这一问题,由地方政府设立国有医药流通公司,同时运用互联网等媒介扩大消费者对医药信息的了解,从而通过消费者对药品理性选择的市场力量和政府规范市场的法制力量来解决药价虚高这一社会问题。     

人力资本、公平感知与农村居民基本医疗保险参与——基于四川农村地区的实证分析

城乡居民基本医疗保险作为构成我国社会保障体系的核心内容,既是农村居民获得所需医疗服务、应对健康危机的兜底性保障,也是国家推进基本医疗卫生服务公平均等的基础性政策。然而,基于四川省农村地区的调研发现,仍然存在农村居民没有购买基本医疗保险的现象。深入剖析其影响因素,结果发现：(1)人力资本水平、对基本医疗保险政策的公平感知均会显著作用于农村居民基本医疗保险购买行为;(2)外出务工经历、缴费便捷程度、家庭收入水平等也对农村居民基本医疗保险购买行为有显著影响;(3)当前对基本医疗保险政策知识宣传不够,难以满足农村居民对政策知识的需求。基于以上研究结果,为进一步提高基本医疗保险参与率,提出了优化基本医疗保险政策宣传、提高基本医疗保险政策的认同感和加快医保管理服务系统信息化建设等对策建议。     

高校心理健康教育与思想政治教育相结合长效机制构建

心理健康教育和思想政治教育作为高校素质教育的重要内容,两者在大学生成长成才的过程中能实现优势互补、相互促进、共同发展。文章提出建立学生辅导员与心理健康教育工作者之间的互动机制,依托课程设置和学生考核机制,利用网络资源,努力营造有利于心理健康教育与思想政治教育相结合的校园氛围,为大学生全面成长成才服务。