Organisation et institution: vers une socioéconomie de la firme?

The paper aims at showing that beyond its economic nature the firm is an organized social institution. The theory of the firm does not succeed in unifying in a single analytical framework both its institutional and organizational dimensions. In contrast, organization theory – notably organizational sociology – deals with the intertwining of these two existential elements of firms. The cross-fertilization which occurs between these two social sciences can be used to propose a real socio-economic theory of the firm.     

Equal Division of Estates and the Exchange Motive

Abstract

Although the bequest motive is one of the most important theoretical extensions of the life-cycle hypothesis, few empirical studies have measured determinants of unequal estate division. We estimated whether several proxies that are consistent with exchange and altruism lead to unequal estate division using data from a longitudinal survey of deceased elderly persons linked to probate court records. Equal division was the rule-between 70 and 83% of estates were divided equally, depending on the strictness of the definition of equal division. Several measures of exchange were not significant predictors of unequal division. Two factors that are consistent with both exchange and altruism-writing the last will and testament within five years of death and having more children-predict unequal estate division. The models control for selection, because many decedents do not file a record in probate court.     

Informal kin caregivers raising children left behind in rural China: Experiences' feelings' and support

The well‐being of children in informal kinship care and their caregivers is a growing concern globally. This study explored the lived experiences of 23 kin caregivers raising children left behind in rural Northeast China while their migrant parents worked and lived in cities. The findings show that the expected authority and responsibility caregivers carry sometimes conflict with their social role of being children's grandparents. Caregivers' feelings about and understandings of these roles are shaped through their social interactions in local communities. In view of their situation and caregivers' self‐conscious attitudes towards utilizing local resources' future formal service provision and social support should take caregivers' viewpoints into account. These views are embedded in and shaped by their rural living context and relationships with community members who influence caregivers' perceptions and child rearing practices.     

A Hitchhiker's Guide to caring for an older person before and during coronavirus‐19

Coronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) has reconfigured working lives with astonishing velocity. Older people have suffered the worst effects of the pandemic, with governments marginalizing or overlooking their needs. Women perform the majority of care for older people, often compromising their working lives and health. Yet in academic articles their voices are often filtered or aggregated in quantitative studies. Based on a weave of personal experiences and secondary research, the article traces a path through UK forms of care and shows how the inadequate response to COVID‐19 stemmed from existing policies embedded in health and social care. COVID‐19 has severed important informal care work, rendering the vulnerable yet more exposed and carers anxious and bereft. Longitudinal research capturing the trajectory of care from the perspective of older people and their carers would lead to improved support hence gender equality.     

我国农村社会保障体系中的非正式保险制度

社会学和经济学关于发展中国家农村社区风险保障制度的研究认为,在总体欠发达农业社区,非正式的保险制度存在和运行是合理的;它的效率次于正式保险制度,但在社区风险保障中发挥着重要和广泛的作用.从我国农村社区风险保障制度需求和供给层面分析,非正式保险制度在我国农村的历史和现实中,都扮演着重要角色.     

社会转型时期道德演进的制度学视焦

社会转型时期的改革开放过程(模式),必然伴随着代价、痛苦、适应与重建。尤其在道德观念的混活冲突、社会行为的片面功利、道德普遍约束力的弱化等问题上,既无法躲避,更须直面正视。道德规范作为一种习惯性的非正式制度,其主要性质是:个人自愿提供相互公共服务的公共产品;生存的意义在于其经济效率与伦理正义获得社会的双重证明与赞同;成为经济过程各环节间的有效过虑器。相应的经济功能便是:规范约束市场运行;降低人们交易费用;塑造市场参与者未来的行为模式。因而,道德演进的趋势必然制度化:与基本的社会经济、政治制度结合,具有可操作性。也必须遵循义利统一、效率公平结合、经济与人的发展一致等基本原则。     

非正规就业概念及其测算方法探析

非正规就业是当前经济社会活动中重要且活跃的就业形式之一,但对非正规就业的定义和测算尚无定论。通过对国内外非正规就业概念的起源和发展进行系统地梳理,对国内外相关的测算方法进行对比分析,以期界定非正规就业的内涵和外延,并提出更具操作性的测算方法。     

民族传统聚落旅游价值认知的中西方差异——以中国“堂安侗寨”为例

民族传统聚落作为传统社会的活化石和民族民间乡土文化的主要载体,发挥着独特的文化传承功能和记忆功能.民族传统聚落旅游具有典型的文化消费行为,与旅游者的价值认知密切相连.从价值主体—中西方旅游者认知的角度,以中国“堂安侗寨”的时空(旅游前、旅游后、中国、西方)两个层面,选取效率价值、质量价值、成本价值、服务价值和社会价值与享乐价值六个观测变量,探讨中西方旅游者对民族传统聚落旅游地旅游价值的认知,分析二者在六个观测变量上的认知差异,为民族传统聚落旅游地旅游发展提供思路.     

农村正规金融与非正规金融的减贫效应——基于PVAR模型的经验分析

采用面板向量自回归模型(PVAR)来研究农村正规金融、非正规金融发展的减贫效应。研究发现,农村正规金融发展存在一定的当期减贫效应,但持续减贫效应不显著。具体表现为仅在缓解农村贫困人口之间收入不平等程度上发挥了积极效应,而对减少农村绝对贫困人口数量和缓解农村贫困人口的收入短缺程度上没有发挥积极效应。农村非正规金融发展不仅具有较强的当期减贫效应,而且具有长期持续的减贫效应。其降低农村绝对贫困程度的效应要大于降低农村贫困人口相对收入短缺和收入不平等程度的效应。