中老年女性劳动供给及代际转移在子女间的差异

本文运用美国健康与退休研究数据和多种计量方法研究代际财富转移、时间转移与中老年女性劳动力供给之间的关系,以及代际转移在子女间的差异。结果表明,中老年女性更可能通过参加工作来对子女提供资金支持;同时在保持其原有工作量的条件下,牺牲闲暇时间照顾孙子女。此外,与儿子相比,她们更可能向女儿提供财富和时间转移;与继子女相比,则倾向于向亲生子女进行转移。     

The Experiences of Reciprocity among Filipino Older Adults in Canada: Intergenerational,Transnational, and Community Considerations

ABSTRACT

This article illustrates the concept of reciprocity in the context of immigrant families. It recommends that definition of reciprocity account for exchanges beyond the immediate family, and render visible the simultaneous location of older people as care recipients and providers, and care arrangements across generations, borders, community, and time. Adopting a critical ethnographic study on the aging and care experiences of older Filipinos in Canada, this article analyzes data from extended observations and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 older people, 6 adult children, and 13 community stakeholders. Findings highlight the unique configurations of care among the Filipino community whereby older people engage in care exchange as active participants across intergenerational, transnational, and fictive kin networks.     

Perceptions of grandparents who provide auxiliary care: value transmission and child‐rearing practices

A grounded theory qualitative study was developed to explore how grandparents perceive their role as socializing agents. Forty‐two grandparents with grandchildren aged from 6 to 12 years old participated in this study. Data were collected through focus groups, which were conducted until reaching data saturation and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Four general conclusions emerged from the study: (i) grandparents recognized the importance of getting involved in the socialization of grandchildren as supporters of parents' socializing role, and the need to adapt to social changes; (ii) they emphasized traditional value that were perceived in decline, and combination of warmth and involvement were considered the best way to help grandchildren internalize values; (iii) interaction with grandchildren helped grandparents to feel active and useful, increased their life purpose and gave them a second chance to enjoy what they could not with their own children; and (iv) grandparents also accused burden and role ambiguity. These results show the importance of developing family policies that recognize grandparents' socializing role. Also, interventions that promote strategies that enable grandparents to perform their role more successfully and to cope with possible family conflicts should be developed.     

社会保障、代际支持如何影响城镇老年人退而不休?

对城镇老年人退而不休的动因分析,是合理开发和管理老年人力资源的前提.基于代际支持的传导作用,研究发现,具有较高社会保障水平、健康状况较好和学历较高的城镇老年人选择退而不休更倾向于实现自我价值,同时,足够的家庭养老支持对他们积极发挥余热的动机有正向推动作用;而健康状况较差和学历较低的城镇老年人,由于家庭养老支持不足、其付出与获得的家庭资源不对等以及由此产生的社会保障"外溢"等压力,更可能以获得收入为动机选择退而不休,进而导致其发展权利受损.因此,有差别地开发和管理老年人力资源、谨慎制定并实施延迟退休政策,对实现积极、健康的老龄化社会有着重要的意义.     

Claymation for Collective Intelligence and Intergenerational Learning in an Educational Environment

Elementary students, volunteering older adults, and university students use their collective intelligence as they engage in intergenerational learning during an after-school enrichment activity producing Claymation videos. Participant reflections, completed questionnaires, and candid photos document learning and relationship building, suggesting intergenerational visual art engagement as a replicable method of lifelong learning for multiages in a school environment.     

Cambodian Refugee Families: Impacts of Immigration-Related Stressors on Intergenerational Relationships

The purpose of this study was to elucidate Cambodian refugees’ perceptions of immigration-related stressors and their impacts on intergenerational relations during the processes of immigration and settlement. We used narrative analysis to evoke older immigrants’ voices as they transitioned to the United States. Thirty-one Cambodian immigrants were interviewed using open-ended interview guides informed by ethnographic tenets of data collection. Participants expressed (a) changes in family structure and elder isolation and (b) intergenerational ambivalence and elder’s dependence on adult children as products of immigration-related stressors. Implications of these results for refugee and immigrant mental health research are discussed.     

The Conversational Model and Child and Family Counselling: Treating Chronic Complex Trauma in a Systemic Framework

Child and Family Counselling Teams in NSW Community Health Services are expected to provide therapeutic services to children who have experienced complex trauma. However, parental trauma is often overlooked or referred elsewhere. A systemic perspective informed by attachment theory and trauma theory provides the basis for addressing parental trauma in Child and Family Counselling Teams, thereby improving parenting. The Conversational Model is an evidence‐based intervention for chronic complex trauma. The foundations of the Conversational Model and its brief component, Short Term Intensive Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, are outlined and a case study is given to illustrate the usefulness of the intervention in Child and Family Counselling. Highlighted is the importance of addressing systemic trauma through parenting to improve attachment quality, family relationships, and children's function.     

论数字化技术发展与著作权法律制度创新

主要探讨了数字化技术发展及数字化作品的界定、数字化作品与著作权客体的创新、数字化作品创作中的著作权冲突和网络传输与数字化作品传播权等问题,指出我国应在扩大著作权保护客体、建立著作权集体管理体制、确认网络传输的公开传播权属性等方面予以创新,并充分关注著作权国际保护的基本趋势,采取积极应对措施,以增强我国著作权保护制度在数字化时代的适应性。     

《红楼梦》英译与中国文化传递

<红楼梦>英译工作始于1830年,至1986年结束,大致可分为四个翻译期:即发轫期、断残期、编译期和全译期.文化传递也从无到有,从部分到全面.本文着重分析一个编译本和两个全译本,指出中国文化传递的真正开始是以王际真的编译本为标志,而杨译本和霍译本则采用各种翻译策略全面传递了中国文化.     

代际支持关系在老人养老模式选择中的创新作用

随着社会经济结构和家庭结构的变迁,家庭养老功能逐渐弱化,过去由家庭承担的赡养功能逐渐由社会功能来取代。调查证明,老人与子女之间在经济上、求助方式上、精神慰籍上、居住方式上仍然存在着明显的代际支持关系。在进行现代社会养老模式的选择中,应当在充分肯定和发挥家庭养老功能的基础上,积极建立和发展社会养老支持体系。