Facilitation and Dialogue as Methods of Reflective Practice in Professional Education

Students may fear sharing their learning in public because classrooms are not traditional places where we teach skills needed for mutual understanding, such as facilitation and dialogue. This is a pedagogical challenge for planning, policy, and design fields because contemporary teaching requires collaboration among participants. We propose that learning to work collaboratively in the classroom has broader relevance for practice because it mirrors the learning that happens in organizations. To address this opportunity, we trained students in facilitation and dialogue. In this article, we discuss the design, implementation, and outcomes of this intervention.     

First Arrival and Collective Land Ownership: How Children Reason About Who Owns the Land

Four survey experiments provide evidence that children (9–12 years) infer collective land ownership from first arrival. In Experiments 1 and 2, children indicated that a group owns an island relatively more than another group when having been or living on the island first. In the third experiment, it was found that first comers were considered to own the land more independently of whether the second group joined or succeeded them in living on the island. In Experiment 4, the first arrival principle to infer collective ownership was independent of the duration of stay of the first comers before being joined by the second group. Taken together, the findings provide clear evidence of the importance of first arrival for inferring collective place ownership.     

The promise and perversity of perspective-taking in organizations

Successful managers and leaders need to effectively navigate their organizational worlds, from motivating customers and employees to managing diversity to preventing and resolving conflicts. Perspective-taking is a psychological process that is particularly relevant to each of these activities. The current review critically examines perspective-taking research conducted by both management scholars and social psychologists and specifies perspective-taking's antecedents, consequences, mechanisms, and moderators, as well as identifies theoretical and/or empirical shortfalls. Our summary of the current state of perspective-taking research offers three important contributions. First, we offer a new definition of perspective-taking: the active cognitive process of imagining the world from another's vantage point or imagining oneself in another's shoes to understand their visual viewpoint, thoughts, motivations, intentions, and/or emotions. Second, we highlight that although perspective-taking has many positive benefits for managers and leaders, it also carries with it the potential for perverse effects. Third, we argue that previous theoretical lenses to understand perspective-taking's goal are insufficient in light of all the available evidence. Instead, we offer a new theoretical proposition to capture the full range of perspective-taking's positive and negative effects: perspective-taking helps individuals effectively navigate a world filled with mixed-motive social interactions. Our mixed-motive model of perspective-taking not only captures the current findings but also offers new directions for future research.     

课程改革新观念:人性本位课程

“人性本位课程”理念的提出,是对知识本位课程呈现出人性异化现象的扬弃,它试图重建课程概念,正确理解课程的功能,把课程同人的本体———一个无限丰富、不断生长和活动的生命联系起来,把知识的获得和人格的完善视为人的精神生命在课程实施中的拓展。该课程理念和课程实施对促进我国新课程改革具有一定的积极作用。     

从“分离”走向“对话”：共同体的价值诉求

人的主体性原则在实践中的极端运用,导致了工业时代的流行病一人与人、人与自然,甚至人与自我关系的“分离”;社会的发展要求人们走出“分离”的困惑,实现合作与交流,因此强调公平交往、追求共赢共生的“对话”理念已成为当代文明的主旋律;基于“对话”思想对于交往实践制约性的可能性忽视,“对话”理念盛行的同时,作为“对话”载体的“共同体”思想得以激活并在实践领域产生了深刻影响。     

一部建立在对话原则上的作品——评雷蒙德·卡佛小说集《大教堂》

小说集《大教堂》是美国杰出短篇小说家雷蒙德.卡佛的晚期代表作,共分11篇,分别讲述各自独特的故事,这种看似松散的结构遵循着严密的布局,无论是作者与作品之间、作者与读者之间还是作品篇章之间都遵循着对话的原则,对话使得整部小说张力十足。     

实践存在论美学——中国美学的一面新旗帜

探讨了全球化大背景下中西方文化和思想的不断交流和碰撞,中国美学在中西美学的对话中出现了一些学者所说的诸如美学的＂失语症＂、中国无美学以及中国美学如何走向世界等问题。分析了这些问题的实质在于中国美学的＂西化＂和＂本土化＂话语权问题上。实践存在论美学正是把中国传统美学和西方美学思想学术资源进行融合建构起中国美学的一种新理论,其在当下的背景下具有从理论层面和对话层面来解决上述问题的现实意义。     

What motivates adolescent bystanders to intervene when immigrant youth are bullied?

Pathways to bystander responses were examined in both generalized and bias-based bullying incidents involving immigrant-origin victims. Participants were 168 (M_age = 14.54, 57% female) adolescents of immigrant (37.5%) and nonimmigrant backgrounds, who responded to their likelihood of intervening on behalf of either an Arab or Latine victim. Models tested whether contact with immigrants and one's desires for social contact with immigrant-origin peers mediated the effects of individual (shared immigrant background, and discriminatory tendencies) and situational (inclusive peer norms) intergroup factors on active bystander responses. Findings indicated that desires for social contact reliably mediated effects across both victims; however, contact with immigrant peers was only associated with responses to Latine victims. Implications for how to promote bystander intervention are discussed.     

Debating LGBT Workplace Protections in the Bible Belt: Social Identities in Legislative and Media Discourse

ABSTRACT

This article reports a case study of the legislative and media discourse surrounding the addition of sexual orientation and gender identity language to the employment nondiscrimination ordinance of a city in the heart of the Bible Belt. The purpose of the study is to uncover how different identities were constructed and contested at city council meetings and in the news media on the way to passing legal protection for LGBT city employees in a region that is often characterized by anti-gay prejudice. This debate over the nondiscrimination ordinance centered on the question of whether LGBT identities are equivalent to identity categories based on race, gender, or religious belief, and it was shaped by various intergroup communication dynamics, specifically between members of the LGBT minority and the straight majority, between LGBT and Christian identities, and between “true” and “false” Christian identities.     

试论高校辅导员的对话式生存

对话为高校辅导员提供了一种新的生存方式。高校辅导员对话式生存具有对话性和对话式双重含义,具有平等、自由、互动,融合、生成、创造,包容、共有、共存等特征。对话式生存是高校辅导员的必然选择,各种有效的策略有助于其实现对话式生存。