土地开发决策模式与城镇发展——近代英国海滨休闲城镇的启示

近代英国海滨休闲城镇的发展在很大程度上受到土地开发模式的影响和制约 ,不同时期的决策主体 (地主、“改善委员会”和市政当局等 )对土地开发的自发或自觉的决策 ,显示了他们把握机遇的准确程度 ,从而决定了海滨休闲城镇的发展趋向 :起初处于“自发”状态 ;铁路时代则以利用大片土地进行铁路与车站建设为关键 ;后期 ,市政府能否顺应时代、积极有效地介入城镇建设至关重要。有鉴于此 ,在我国城市化过程中应注意城镇土地开发 ,进行系统规划 ,避免无序开发 ,尤其不能听任开发商的“自发”行为 ,这样才能在我国建成一批功能各异、各具特色的生态城镇     

我国农地制度变迁的历史考察及绩效分析

有什么样的农地制度就会产生什么样的制度绩效。建国后我国农地制度发生了若干次大的变动,其中,有的是强制性制度变迁,有的是诱致性制度变迁,总体上看,诱致性制度变迁一般都取得了较优的绩效,如家庭联产承包责任制。但由于制度的边际效用是递减的,因此,家庭联产承包责任制不可能是我国农地制度变迁的最后归宿,必将继续发生变动,并很有可能最终被符合市场经济原则的资本雇佣土地的制度所取代。     

电子文件的科学管理

社会信息化是当代社会的一种大趋势 ,它正推动着公共行政现代化的进程。档案馆自动化和计算机设计技术的普及对电子文件的收集、鉴定、保管、开发利用等方面起到了一定的冲击 ,我们必须在基于传统的档案管理方法 ,以变通和发展的观点来适应新形势下的档案工作 ,更加有效的管理电子文件。     

农村土地使用权转让制度初探

农地使用权转让制度是中央 为促进农村经济持续发展而进行的制度创新，但其与现存制度的冲突又成为制约其作用充分 发挥的桎梏。有关部门、地方制定修订法律法规和经济政策时，应对农村土地使用权转让 的具体运作制度予以高度重视，使之在微观层面上更具现实操作性。     

湖南“二王”与近代湖南书院改制

王闿运与王先谦在近代史上并称湖南“二王,”他们都与湖南书院改制有非常密切的关系。王闿运不认同西式学堂教育,主张在传统书院教育体制之内改善书院教育,船山书院在其主掌之下至1915年方改为学堂;王先谦接受了西式学堂体制,但其坚守学堂不能离“道”而行,在湖南书院改制中呈现出双重趋向。“二王”与湖南书院改制的关系,透射出传统型知识分子在晚清变局中的复杂心态。     

论合同法上的情事变更原则

法律上对情事变更原则的适用规定了严格的条件,适用情事变更原则的法律效力主要体现变更合同、解除合同两个方面,而且情事变更与不可抗力、商业风险存在着明显的差别。社会主义市场经济的发展及与国际市场的接轨,决定了情事变更原则应当成为我国合同法上最重要的法律原则之一,它有利于进一步完善我国现行合同法律制度。     

Child‐Care Usage and Mother‐Infant “Quality Time”

Mothers' time‐use patterns were compared in families in which infants spent more than 30 hours per week in child care (In‐Care group; n= 143) versus 0 hours per week (At‐Home group; n= 183) from birth to 6 months of age. In‐Care group mothers spent about 12 fewer hours per week interacting with their infants, for about 32% less time; fathers of these infants were more involved in caregiving. The groups did not differ in the quality of mother‐infant interaction. In the In‐Care group, quantity of interaction was related to greater separation anxiety and concerns about effects of maternal employment. Time‐use data were not related to child outcomes at 15 months of age. Results suggest that the effect of extensive time spent apart on the quantity and quality of mother‐infant interaction may be smaller than anticipated.     

Monitoring and evaluation of loveLife's AIDS prevention and advocacy activities in South Africa, 1999–2001

loveLife is the largest effort ever launched in South Africa to change adolescent sexual behaviour with the aim of reducing the rate of HIV infection among 15–20 year olds by 50%, reducing other STIs, and reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy. loveLife combines high-powered media awareness and education, development of adolescent-friendly reproductive health services, and outreach and support programmes. The 5-year research and evaluation plan includes a multi-year comprehensive observational study, tracking change in a range of behavioural indicators and in sexual health outcomes. In its first 2 years, loveLife reached more than 4 million youth. Sixty-two percent of youth and 59% of their parents/guardians recognize the brand, while the vast majority of parents (97%) and youth (89%) exposed to loveLife, identified loveLife as being positive. Challenges in the next years are the continued roll out of the programme, and the development of institutional support and behaviour change.     

Evaluation of HIV/AIDS peer education projects in Zambia

This 1998 evaluation assessed the peer education programmes of HIV/AIDS projects run by four non-governmental organisations. A mini-case study approach was used and analysis was based on cross-case itemistic variables. The projects were assessed only in terms of immediate developmental outcomes to target groups rather than on long-term impact. The study concluded the following: (1) The projects had raised community awareness of HIV/AIDS; (2) Basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS was for the most part accurate; (3) There was anecdotal evidence of behavioural changes in terms of partner-reduction as reported by the projects, though the evidence was sometimes conflicting; and (4) There was evidence that certain traditional practices, which contributed to the spread of the virus (e.g. sexual cleansing and scarification), were becoming modified over time. The programmes were also instrumental in protecting human rights and enabling people living with HIV/AIDS to maintain human dignity.     

对现行土地管理制度的质疑

由于现行的土地公有制形式在理论上和实践上存在着模糊性 ,致使目前土地管理制度存在缺陷。通过分析现行土地管理制度所带来的负面作用 ,提出改革现行土地管理机制的两种选择思路 :其一是土地私有化 ;其二是明确国家对土地绝对占有的方式