The availability of personal and external coping resources: Thier impact on job stress and employee attitudes during organizational restructuring

This study examines the relationships among personal coping resources, social support, external coping resources, job stressors and job strains in a sample of 110 American Telephone and Telegraph employees undergoing a major organizational restructuring. The study expanded on a model suggested by Ashford (1988) by defining another category of coping resources that employees may draw upon to deal with the stressors and strains which occur during major organizational changes. External coping resources were defined as those which provided employees with a sense of 'vicarious control' in stressful situations. Results indicated that personal coping resources, social support and external coping resources had a direct effect upon job stressor and strain levels. No 'buffering' effect of these coplng resources was found. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that external coping resources added to the prediction of job stressors and strains even when pertonal coping resources and social support were entered first into the prediction questions.     

Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment: Information Tools for Community Adaptation to Changes in Climate or Land Use

To inform local and regional decisions about protecting short-term and long-term quality of life, the Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment (CARA) provides data and tools (for the northeastern United States) that can help decision makers understand how outcomes of their decisions could be affected by potential changes in both climate and land use. On an interactive, user-friendly website, CARA has amassed data on climate (historical records and future projections for seven global climate models), land cover, and socioeconomic and environmental variables, along with tools to help decision makers tailor the data for their own decision types and locations. CARA Advisory Council stakeholders help identify what information and tools stakeholders would find most useful and how to present these; they also provide in-depth feedback for subregion case studies. General lessons include: (1) decision makers want detailed local projections for periods short enough to account for extreme events, in contrast to the broader spatial and temporal observations and projections that are available or consistent at a regional level; (2) stakeholders will not use such a website unless it is visually appealing and easy to find the information they want; (3) some stakeholders need background while others want to go immediately to data, and some want maps while others want text or tables. This article also compares what has been learned across case studies of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Hampton Roads, Virginia, relating specifically to sea-level rise. Lessons include: (1) groups can be affected differently by physical dangers compared with economic dangers; (2) decisions will differ according to decision makers' preferences about waiting and risk tolerance; (3) future scenarios and maps can help assess the impacts of dangers to emergency evacuation routes, homes, and infrastructure, and the natural environment; (4) residents' and decision makers' perceptions are affected by information about potential local impacts from global climate change.     

试论英语词汇语义上的动态发展

任何一种语言都是活的语言,它随着人类社会文明的不断发展和变化在人们实际生活中变化着.英语词语亦如此.本文试图通过透视"英语词汇语义上的动态发展",引起我们对词义变化的足够重视,从而更好地掌握和使用英语词汇.     

论诺思的制度变迁理论

美国华盛顿大学经济学教授、新经济史学的代表人物诺思的制度变迁理论,在西方经济学界有很大的影响,传入中国后很快为中国大多数经济学家所接受。该理论具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。文章首先介绍制度和制度变迁这两个概念;然后阐述制度变迁理论的主要内容;最后谈该理论对我国改革的启示。     

清初治滇述论

清朝初年,特别是平定“三藩之乱”后的二三十年间,是云南实现由乱到治的关键时期。清朝统治者在总结和借鉴历代治滇思想和治策的基础上,经过不断调整、充实,逐步形成了一套相对完整的治滇治策体系,其治策涉及云南的政治、经济、文化等领域,较为切合当时社会发展的实际,成为其后清朝统治云南的治边思想和治策。     

Changing Gender: The Discursive Construction of Equal Opportunities

This article provides a discursive perspective on the dilemmas of sameness and difference feminisms and their consequences for change projects. It explores how equal opportunity officers dealing with gender issues and introducing equality legislation in practice construct the meaning of equal opportunities. The analysis of the interpretative repertoires and ideological dilemmas drawn upon in ten interviews shows the highly context‐specific use of four different repertoires constructing gender equality: the sameness, difference, bandwidth and deconstructive repertoire. Interpreting the shifts between repertoires from the perspective of the ideological dilemma, new avenues for change are explored. The article concludes that the simultaneous use of all possible theoretical perspectives might be a worthwhile objective.     

当代中国价值观念的变迁及其现实选择

全球化使当代中国价值观念的变迁凸显出多样性和复杂性,其表现为:价值取向从整体向个体的转变,价值追求从道义导向向利益导向的转变,价值标准从一元性向多元性的转变。面对多样而复杂的价值观念,必须赋予主导价值观以时代内涵,建构新型集体主义。     

“推力”、“拉力”之外更需“助力”——中国农民工市民化之历史蜕变途径浅探

中国城市化进程中数以亿计的农民工在农村之“推力”与城市之“拉力”下,进入城市,他们能否完成由农民到市民的历史蜕变,是关系到我国的现代化与和谐社会建设的重大问题。由于后发展国家政府导向的前瞻性与我国的国情及时代之要求,我们不能走西方国家的自然转化之路,只能发挥后发优势,由政府与社会对此历史进程加以“助力”,使之在较短时间内顺利完成此历史蜕变。     

人间佛教思想与儒家人学思想

近代以来,西学东渐,中国社会面临着巨大的冲击,历史不断发生变迁.在中国历史大转变,中国佛教日趋衰落的严重时刻,被誉为近世新佛教领袖的太虚大师(1890-1947)敏锐地觉察到中国社会的发展趋势和时代脉博,倡导"人间净土"说,并相应地提出了"人生佛教""人间佛教"的理念.此外,印顺(1906～)、赵朴初(1907～2000)等也对人间佛教提出了自己的看法.考察了不同学者的看法,并将人间佛教说与中国儒家人学思想进行比较,探寻其异同,这对于探讨人间佛教的建设,推进佛教适应现代社会的变革和发展是很有现实意义的.     

旅游市场开发中的旅游地评估研究

规范的旅游市场开发必须以明确的旅游地评估为前提。针对当前旅游开发热潮中的旅游地使用权益问题 ,本文就旅游地评估的实质、现实必要性、评估原则及评估方法等问题提出了看法 ,并以湖北省保康县野花谷为例进行评估