具有低运算噪声的DM数字滤波器硬件设备

本文提出了基于DDA器件原理的增量调制递归数字滤波器的实现方案,并做出了实验设备.实验结果表明DDA-DM递归数字滤波器具有低运算噪声的优点,其性能与理论分析十分一致.     

Does employment uncertainty particularly impact fertility of children of North African immigrants in France? A gender perspective

This paper investigates whether unemployment and insecure employment lead to delaying first childbearing in France, and whether these impacts are likely to differ between children of immigrants from North Africa and natives across genders. Data come from pooling two cohorts of French school-leavers followed over 7–10 years. Findings show that women of North African descent have a first child later than native women, whereas results for men are not significantly ethnic origin-differentiated. Unemployment and non-permanent employment are related to postponement of fertility for both men and women. Current unemployment affects the children of immigrants from North Africa more than their counterparts with no direct migration background. Persistent unemployment does not have any significant effect on childbearing for the women of North African immigrant descent, while it strongly reduces that of the men. While employment uncertainty thus tends to delay first parenthood, its impact seems to occur more through the timing of couple formation than through the timing of conception among children of immigrants from North Africa.     

A simple theory of ‘meso’. On the co-evolution of institutions and platform size—With an application to varieties of capitalism and ‘medium-sized’ countries

This paper deals with institutional emergence in the well-known ‘evolution of cooperation’ framework and focuses on its size dimension. It is argued that some ‘meso’ (rather than ‘macro’) level (to be numerically determined) is the proper level of cultural emergence, diffusion, and retention. Also Schumpeterian economists (K. Dopfer et al.) have discussed institutions as ‘meso’ phenomena, and Schelling, Axelrod, Arthur, Lindgren, and many others have dealt with ‘critical masses’ of coordinated agents, including related segregations of populations. However, the process and logic of emergent group size has rarely been explicitly explored so far. In this paper, ‘meso’ will be explained, in an evolutionary and game–theoretic frame and a population perspective, in terms of a cooperating group smaller than the whole population involved. Mechanisms such as memory, monitoring, reputation chains, and active partner selection will loosen the total connectivity of the deterministic ‘single-shot’ benchmark and thus allow for emergent ‘meso’-sized arenas, while expectations to meet a cooperative partner next round remain sufficiently high. Applications of ‘meso-nomia’ include the deep structure of ‘general trust’ and the surprisingly high macro-economic and macro-social performance in ‘small’ and ‘well-networked’ countries which helps to explain persistent ‘varieties of capitalism’. A strategy for empirical application of the theoretical approach and some first empirical indications of its relevance are presented.     

Entry rates and the risks of misalignment in the EU8

New member states will join the EMU in the coming years. Setting the central parity at which they will join has been and will be a challenging task, as there is a considerable amount of uncertainty, both from a theoretical and an empirical perspective, surrounding the determination of the optimal exchange rate. Given the probable difficulty in evaluating the equilibrium rate it is thus advisable to focus on the effects of a misalignment of the entry rate for the economy, as it has implications for countries’ real and nominal convergence. An overvalued exchange rate would have an adverse impact on a country's competitiveness and its growth, while an undervalued currency would contribute to an overheating of the economy and an excessive inflation. The objective of this paper is to better understand the role of the entry rates for short run inflation and GDP developments and their implications for the inflation criterion and the real convergence process. Having estimated equilibrium exchange rates for eight out of ten countries that entered the EU in May 2004: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia we conduct simulations showing what their adjustments to equilibrium would be if their entry rates deviated from the optimal ones.     

Case study in data analysis: Variables related to codling moth abundance and the efficacy of the Okanagan Sterile Insect Release Program

The authors consider the effect of orchard attributes and landscape in a heterogeneous area on the efficacy of a control program for the codling moth in apple orchards in British Columbia. The context is first presented, along with a set of questions of importance to the Okanagan Valley Sterile Insect Release program. Two groups of analysts then address a number of these issues using methods for spatial‐temporal data including counts, proportions and Bernoulli variables. The models are then compared and the relevance of the results to this operational program is discussed.     

元认知在克服自卑心理中的应用

元认知在指导、调节人的认知活动中起着重大作用。自卑的实质为消极核心信念,利用元认知的调 节和监督功能,监控并调节消极信念,用替代思维破坏核心信念,从而改变思维模式,对外在刺激进行积极反馈,用 取得的成功、自我肯定的语言激励自己,从而增强自信心。     

《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》和亚洲国家保护知识产权的任务

乌拉圭回合所签订的《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》是一个高标准、严要求的文献,它是知识产权国际保护问题的一个新的突破。作为当代国际经济发展“黑马”的亚洲国家,既要看到本国知识产权法律保护制度的已有的进展,又要看到自己的差距,重视自己承担的国际条约义务,昂首挺胸,把本国的知识产权保护制度进一步搞上去。     

新态势 新合作──对发展深圳与东南亚国家经济合作的思考

文章分析了世界和亚洲经济发展及资本市场状况，亚洲国家间的经济合作态势，探讨了深圳与东南亚国家间经济合作的现状及进一步发展经济合作的必要性，提出了发展深圳与东南亚国家间经济关系的几点具体建议。     

借鉴发达国家经验探索我国农业剩余劳动力转移的道路

介绍了发达国家农业剩余劳动力转移的经验与教训 ,阐述了建国 5 0多年来我国农业剩余劳动力转移的历史进程 ,分析了我国农业剩余劳动力转移中存在的问题 ,提出了我国农业剩余劳动力转移的对策建议。