Optimum design-based ratio estimators of the distribution function

The ratio method is commonly used to the estimation of means and totals. This method was extended to the problem of estimating the distribution function. An alternative ratio estimator of the distribution function is defined. A result that compares the variances of the aforementioned ratio estimators is used to define optimum design-based ratio estimators of the distribution function. Different empirical results indicate that the optimum ratio estimators can be more efficient than alternative ratio estimators. In addition, we show by simulations that alternative ratio estimators can have large biases, whereas biases of the optimum ratio estimators are negligible in this situation.     

低碳背景下促进我国页岩气产业化的对策研究

随着能源安全和二氧化碳减排指标的日益控制，加大天然气资源开发力度、大规模清洁能源替代将是推动中国节能减排、低碳发展的最现实途径之一。以页岩气、煤层气为主的非常规天然气凭借其资源量大和碳排放量低的优势，必将伴随着低碳发展的大潮迎来新一轮开发利用高潮。从分析页岩气资源储存特点入手，归纳总结了美国促进页岩气产业发展的政策措施和技术发展模式，并对制约中国页岩气产业快速发展面临的配套政策、勘探开发理论、关键技术等3 方面的主要问题进行了深入分析。在此基础上，提出了推动中国页岩气产业快速发展应建立配套政策和加快技术创新的对策及建议。     

The impact of India’s food security policy on domestic and international rice market

Food security policy making in India is at crossroads. India has emerged as a leading rice exporter. The Government of India has introduced the National Food Security Act which requires 33.6 million tons of rice per year for its public food distribution system. In this study, we modeled India’s rice market and analyzed policy implications of the long-term impact of India’s food security act on domestic and international rice market. We developed a structural economic demand and supply model for India’s rice market and further added subsidy equations to trace the consequence of National Food Security Act on domestic rice consumption and on the international market. We specifically focus on three different scenarios: subsidy as price effect, subsidy as inelastic income effect, and subsidy as elastic income effect under the broader framework of National Food Security Act. We found that at the end of the projection period (2024–2025), as a result of rice subsidy program, the consumption of rice increases significantly in the case of price effect while the inelastic income effect has no or less impact on production, consumption, and export of rice. Hence, the policy implication of our study is that if the objective of the National Food Security Act is to increase consumption then it needs to be implemented as price effect.     

泡沫酸性能影响因素及其应用

针对应用常规酸化技术对低渗油层进行改造时,由于返排不彻底对其造成二次污染,故建议使用泡沫酸。并对其一些性能及其影响因素做了详细的介绍,列举了一些在现场的成功经验,以便进一步说明泡沫酸液的优越性能。     

基于ARMA模型河北省地区收入总额的预测

大多数时间序列具有惯性或是迟缓性。通过对这种惯性的分析，未来值可以由时间序列的当前值进行估计。以1978年到2011年河北省地区收入总额数据为研究对象，将这些数据平稳化并做分析，发现ARM A （2，2）模型能比较好的对河北省地区收入总值进行时间序列分析和预测。     

政府规制低碳经济发展的分析与思考

政府规制与发展低碳经济有着密切的联系。文章研究并总结了发达国家发展低碳经济的成功的经验与做法，从战略规划、法律法规、激励与约束政策、技术创新、舆论引导等角度探讨了中国发展低碳经济的战略对策，重点从制定基于区域经非均衡的碳减排规划、法律法规体系应关注延伸生产者责任、通过税收和补贴增加低碳产品供给、技术创新中政府必须保护创新企业的竞争优势和垄断红利、依托非政府组织引导低碳消费并构建低碳经济利益相关体系等方面提出了对策建议。     

Women's Attitudes Toward Family Formation and Life Stage Transitions: A Longitudinal Study in Korea

Although it is well documented that family attitudes become less traditional over cohorts, little is known about how individuals' attitudes change over time. More research also is needed on how the within‐individual changes relate to important life stage events such as marriage, childbirth, and transitions in education and work. Evidence is particularly lacking in Asian countries, which have socioeconomic and cultural contexts very different from those in the West. To fill these gaps in the literature, the authors analyzed the attitudes toward family formation of Korean women in their 20s and 30s (N = 6,042). Individual fixed effects regression using the panel data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families revealed that women became more traditional over time and that transitions to marriage and motherhood partly accounted for the change. These findings are explained within the context of very low fertility in Korea and have implications for other rapidly changing societies.     

收入性别差异的表现形式与特点

收入的性别差异包括很多层面,表现在诸多领域。在无收入、最低收入和最高收入的分布上存在着明显的性别差异,即使男女受教育程度相等其收入也有不同,而且这种差异也表现在行业内、职业内的男女收入上。收入性别差异的多种表现形式与特点,从一个侧面反映了男女经济地位的不平等。     

论最低生活保障的差额补贴

目前的最低生活保障制度是一种被动的保障方式,它不能调动被保障对象的积极性,也不能使被保障对象摆脱贫困。差额补贴是把最低生活保障与正所得税相结合的方案,给予所有社会成员最低生活标准与所得税之差的补贴,是对负所得税方案和现行最低保障制度的改进,是效率与公平相结合的体现,该方案具有很大的优越性和可行性。     

从性别角度看农村劳动力非农转移

本文主要运用了文献法,从性别视角对农民工流动的相关影响因素进行了分析,着重描述了婚姻状况以及城乡收入差距对男女两性迁移决策的不同作用。对于婚姻状况对女民工的影响主要从未婚与已婚两个变量支进行考虑,在此分析的基础上进一步证实传统性别分工对劳动力转移的重要作用;在承认女民工在流动中处于弱势地位的同时,本文也尝试提出了一些不同于主流思想的一些观点,即女性具有比男性更强的迁移动机,这主要体现在收入差距的解释变量中。