知识型员工管理的博弈策略

如何管理知识型员工是企业实施知识管理的重要内容.本文认为知识型员工和企业之间的关系也是一种博弈关系,进而根据博弈论的囚犯困境模型和礼尚往来战略,提出了企业管理知识型员工的策略.     

基于博弈模型的“罪刑均衡”思想分析

罪刑均衡思想由来已久,作为刑法理论中最基本的刑罚原则,在对犯人进行科处刑罚方面具有的重要意义早已得到承认,而在预防犯罪方面具有的作用却长期被忽视。犯罪行为实质上是犯人和政府之间的博弈。政府先制订刑法,犯人在观察到刑罚后才选择是否犯罪以及犯何种性质的罪。经济分析表明,改变刑罚的确定性和严厉性就能影响博弈的均衡,从而影响犯罪,刑罚之外的其它措施如果能改变犯罪的成本和收益,也能实现同样的目的,这为预防犯罪提供了一种新的思路。     

说教与游戏之间：思想政治工作的路径选择

面对高校学子维护自身权利而引发的纠纷时。领导、辅导员各自采取不同方式来化解矛盾的功效不一。究其原因,传统思想政治教育的“说教”方式已不符合高校现代管理的宗旨,相反以“游戏”手段来解纷则是一种崭新尝试。从能动性、权力、媒介和心理学等层面比较“说教”与“游戏”,可以发现后者比前者更具优势。这一创新方法,也许不具有普遍意义,但并非不具有可借鉴性和可操作性,而为高校教育管理提供启迪性思维。     

农民分层与财政支农政策优化研究——宏观视域下的微观探讨

农民分层是在农业人口占绝大多数的中国农民迈入现代化的必然选择,也是发展现代农业、消除城乡差别的普遍规律和重要标志。改革开放以后,在一系列农村经济政治体制改革的推动下,传统同质化的农民开始分化为不同的阶层,呈现“分层化”的特征。自2004年起中央“一号文件”连续11年聚焦“三农”问题,凸显对提升农民收入、层次和地位的关注。然而,作为国家惠农支持的主要手段——财政支农政策,在农民分层上存在投入总量不足、结构失调、效率不高等问题。通过建立职业农民与农转非者、农业主产区与非农主产区政府之间的博弈模型,结合现实考察财政支农政策对农民分层行为的影响,提出优化财政支农目标、科学调整支农政策、实现农业资源配置和农民分层的帕累托效率。     

“逸”作为审美范畴在唐宋时期的迁替

唐宋之际 ,社会审美思潮发生了很大变化 ,“逸”作为审美范畴在士大夫的观念中成为一种审美理想。“逸”是文人画的精神核心。宋代文人画 ,为了高扬主体情志 ,不仅要超越形似 ,而且要通过简化、变形等艺术手段 ,使画中的形象与所画的事物产生很大的间离感、陌生化 ,从而突出主体的情志。从创作主体的精神状态而言 ,“逸”是一种审美的自由创造 ,这种创造必然表现为对技巧规范的超越     

Defender–Attacker Games with Asymmetric Player Utilities

The presence of strategic attackers has become an important factor in the security and protection of systems, especially since the 9/11/2001 attacks, and considerable efforts have been dedicated to its study. When defending against the strategic attacker, many existing studies assume that the attacker would seek to minimize the defender's utility, which implies that the defender and attacker have symmetric utilities. However, the attacker's objective is determined by its own valuation of the system and target of the attack, which is not necessarily consistent with the defender's utility. If the attacker unexpectedly targets a different utility, then the defense strategy might no longer be optimal. In particular, the defense strategy could be inferior if the attacker's utility is not known to the defender. This study considers a situation where the defender's utility is the system survivability and the attacker's utility is the expected number of destroyed elements in the system. We investigate possible attack strategies under these two different utilities and compare (a) the conservative defense strategy when the attack utility is unknown to the defender with (b) the optimal defense strategy when the attack utility is known to the defender. We show that the conservative protection strategy is still optimal under asymmetric utilities when the contest intensity is smaller than one.     

Who Should Pay for Interdependent Risk? Policy Implications for Security Interdependence Among Airports

We study interdependent risks in security, and shed light on the economic and policy implications of increasing security interdependence in presence of reactive attackers. We investigate the impact of potential public policy arrangements on the security of a group of interdependent organizations, namely, airports. Focusing on security expenditures and costs to society, as assessed by a social planner, to individual airports and to attackers, we first develop a game-theoretic framework, and derive explicit Nash equilibrium and socially optimal solutions in the airports network. We then conduct numerical experiments mirroring real-world cyber scenarios, to assess how a change in interdependence impact the airports' security expenditures, the overall expected costs to society, and the fairness of security financing. Our study provides insights on the economic and policy implications for the United States, Europe, and Asia.     

Is the beauty premium accessible to all? An experimental analysis

We conducted a trust game experiment to investigate whether women are trusted more when they wear makeup than when they do not. Facial attractiveness, which was manipulated through the application of makeup by a professional makeup artist, was measured before and after makeovers. Trustors were shown a photograph of their female counterparts before they made decisions about money transfers to trustees. The results showed that wearing makeup increased perceived attractiveness, which in turn led trustors to make larger transfers to female trustees during the trust game. Additionally, we discovered a pure makeup premium that was mediated by gender. Specifically, female trustees with makeup received larger transfers than female trustees without makeup when the trustors were men, even after controlling for female trustees’ levels of attractiveness.     

论成品油定价机制中的有限规制：基于合谋的视角

利用单期静态博弈分析法、有限期动态博弈分析法和无限期动态博弈分析法对成品油定价机制中寡头厂商的合谋行为进行了分析。研究发现：两家寡头厂商在合谋条件下的收益均高于双方各自独立定产条件下的收益，因此，双方存在进行价格合谋的利益激励。基于此，我国成品油价格形成机制的改革可以考虑采用有限规制等手段。     

多零售商供应链应对突发事件的协调机制研究

本文针对一个供应商和n个Cournot竞争零售商组成的供应链系统,从系统优化和企业管理的角度研究了该供应链系统如何应对突发事件。首先证明稳定条件下的收益共享合约能实现该供应链协调。但突发事件引起的成本和需求的扰动会打破供应链协调,当突发事件导致供应链的市场需求增加而生产成本减少时,供应商必须通过增加生产来应对突发事件;当突发事件导致供应链的市场需求减少而生产成本增加时,供应商必须通过减少生产来应对突发事件;并通过求解突发事件下供应链系统最优利润的Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件,提出了供应链在一体化时应对突发事件的最优策略。进一步证明了改进的收益共享合约可以协调突发事件下分散化决策的供应链系统。最后运用数值实验对模型进行了验证。