“廉价的高品位”：农户清洁能源消费中的家庭禀赋与接近效应

基于CGSS 2015中的全国农户生活能源使用状况数据,本文运用Tobit回归模型分析了农户家庭的人力资本、社会资本、经济资本以及清洁能源的可获得对农户清洁能源消费的影响。研究发现：高人力资本与经济资本的农户使用“高品位”的清洁能源,但其实际的能源支出却低于使用传统能源的其他农户,出现品位与成本倒挂的现象;人力资本与经济资本对农户使用的清洁能源耗能和占比均有显著正向影响,相对于务农而言,外出务工对农户清洁能源的耗能量和占比的提升有着积极作用;农户与清洁能源供应点的距离与清洁能源耗能和占比均正相关;人力资本要素中家庭最高文化程度越高,清洁能源消费成本占总能源消费成本的比率越低,经济资本对农户清洁能源消费有正向影响,农户在清洁能源的获得较容易时则会增加对清洁能源的消费额度,并提升其消费比例。     

基于社会折现率视角的消费与投资利率变动分析

在梳理社会折现率相关测算方法的基础上,对全国及各地区的社会折现率进行了测度。测算结果表明,就全国的社会折现率而言,主要有以下5个特点:社会边际时间偏好率虽具有波动性,但总体呈上升趋势,主要原因是经济结构中消费因素的作用在提升;资本的边际社会机会成本呈下降趋势,主要原因是投资边际收益递减规律在起作用;2011年是消费与投资利率平均水平变化的"拐点"年份;各地区加权平均社会折现率稳定在6%~8%的估计区间;无论基于哪种测算方法,地区社会折现率都呈现一定的差异性特征。得到中国消费与投资利率变动的6个基本特征,进一步提出根据区域异质性有针对性地选定社会折现率、制定消费与投资的引导政策,实现创新驱动以解决投资冗余问题,挖掘消费在经济结构中的作用,培养新兴产业以提高投资收益率,实现区域间消费与投资的优势互补等政策建议。     

"形式蕴涵"方案能解决蕴涵怪论问题吗

近年来,有学者以罗素的"形式蕴涵"为工具,对化解蕴涵怪论反例的进路又作了积极而有益的探索.但仔细分析其化解过程及方法,实难说取得了预期的成功.因为形式蕴涵在根子上就无法解决蕴涵怪论问题.蕴涵怪论的根源不在于逻辑的形式化语言,而在于实质蕴涵与日常"若,则"句差异过大的矛盾.     

共享经济外部影响定量研究综述

共享经济(sharing economy)作为一种新的经济业态,给消费者、企业、共享平台等市场参与主体带来深远影响的同时,也产生若干社会问题.关于共享经济所造成的外部影响,经济与管理学科领域的定量研究成果快速增长,但缺乏系统而全面的梳理.综合整理共享经济现有理论(解析)类和实证类定量文献,从消费者、企业、共享平台与社会这四个视角对共享经济的外部影响进行梳理、归纳及展望,为国内学者展开更深层次的研究提供思路,为企业、平台及政策制定者科学决策提供参考,助力共享经济的理论研究与科学实践.     

Why does “last week” reporting give higher estimates than “last month”?

Abstract

Experiments in various countries with “last week” and “last month” reference periods for reporting of households’ food consumption have generally found that “week”-based estimates are higher. In India the National Sample Survey (NSS) has consistently found that “week”-based estimates are higher than month-based estimates for a majority of food item groups. But why are week-based estimates higher than month-based estimates? It has long been believed that the reason must be recall lapse, inherent in a long reporting period such as a month. But is household consumption of a habitually consumed item “recalled” in the same way as that of an item of infrequent consumption? And why doesn’t memory lapse cause over-reporting (over-assessment) as often as under-reporting? In this paper, we provide an alternative hypothesis, involving a “quantity floor effect” in reporting behavior, under which “week” may cause over-reporting for many items. We design a test to detect the effect postulated by this hypothesis and carry it out on NSS 68th round HCES data. The test results strongly suggest that our hypothesis provides a better explanation of the difference between week-based and month-based estimates than the recall lapse theory.     

Trends in Alcohol Consumption Among Undergraduate Students at a Northeastern Public University, 2002–2008

Abstract

Objective: This study examined alcohol consumption patterns and trends at a public university in the Northeast from 2002 to 2008. Participants: Stratified random sampling was used to select undergraduate students enrolled in courses during spring semesters in 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008. Methods: Data were collected during regularly scheduled classes for 4 measures of alcohol consumption and 5 demographic categories using the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey. Results: Four groups showed significant increases in both frequency and volume of alcohol consumption—students who were female, over 21 years of age or over, living off-campus, or performing well academically. There were no decreasing trends for any demographic group. These results differ from national college health surveys, which have shown alcohol use remaining steady during this period. Conclusions: Campus-specific trend data can provide unique perspectives and guide programming efforts. These trends suggest a need for new intervention strategies on this campus.     

Appropriate Terminology for the Alcohol,Eating, and Physical Activity Relationship

Abstract

“Drunkorexia” merges prior literature identifying positive relationships between (a) alcohol use/abuse and disordered eating/eating disorders, (b) alcohol use/abuse and physical activity, and (c) disordered eating/eating disorders and physical activity. The term, highlighting an individual's proactive and/or reactive weight management behaviors (ie, disordered eating, physical activity) in relation to alcohol consumption, originated in news editorials and has recently gained recognition via use in scholarly publications. The purpose of this commentary is to recommend discontinuing use of the term “drunkorexia” due to (a) inconsistent definitions of drunkorexia across investigations, (b) drunkorexia being a misnomer, and (c) the medical community's lack of recognition/acceptance of drunkorexia. Because the behaviors encompassed by drunkorexia are of concern to researchers and health professionals, future investigations are still warranted. However, until a medically recognized term/phrase is accepted, scholars should utilize more appropriate characterizations such as “weight-conscious drinkers,” “weight management behaviors of drinkers,” or “Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified” (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision).     

Healthy Active Living: A Residence Community–Based Intervention to Increase Physical Activity and Healthy Eating During the Transition to First-Year University

Abstract

Objective: To examine the effects of a Healthy Active Living (HAL) community intervention on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC), and psychosocial mediators of physical activity among students transitioning into university. Methods: Sixty undergraduate students were assigned to reside in either the HAL community or no-treatment control residence and completed questionnaire measures at the beginning and end of the academic year. Results: Students living in the HAL community reported significantly more MVPA (F[1, 58] = 19.93, p <.001, η_p² =.26) and greater FVC (F[1, 56] = 3.12, p =.08, η_p² =.05) compared with controls. Participants in the HAL condition also scored significantly higher in action planning (F[1, 58] = 4.79, p <.05, η_p² =.08), partially mediating the effect of the intervention on MVPA. Conclusion: A peer-delivered healthy lifestyles intervention targeting first-year university students appears to be effective in preserving or enhancing health behaviors and cognitions during their transition into university life.     

YOUR SECOND LIFE?

This article examines the performativity of intellectual property in digital gaming environments, with a focus on Massively Multi-Player On Line Games (MMOGs). The analysis centers on the creation and management of goodwill, an intangible asset of considerable value to corporations based on affective bonds between consumers, corporations, and their commodities in the marketplace. Most critical analyses of intellectual property consider neither the centrality of goodwill to corporate management of their intellectual properties in digital environments, nor the significance of the legal conditions that structure activity in such contexts. We develop a theoretical framework based on cultures of circulation involving network sociality, circuits of interactivity and the extensibility of the computer/user interface. This enables us to better understand shifting relations of power and reciprocity between corporations and consumers in digital gaming contexts, where the division between player-consumption and player-production is increasingly blurred. Technological capacities for consumers to become producers of gaming content changes the terrain upon which conflicts between corporations and consumers about intellectual property are negotiated and enhances the value of goodwill. An examination of Linden Lab's Second Life – one of the fastest growing MMOGs and the first to affirm players’ intellectual property rights in their digital creations – provides an illustration of both the limits and possibilities afforded by goodwill as a form of emerging governance in game worlds.     

论生存性债权对担保物权的优行行使

生存性债权是指个人享有的以实现其生存利益为直接目的的具有公法性质的一类债权,主要包括劳动工资、社会保险费、生活费等支付关系.生存性债权不仅可优先于普通债权,而且应优先于担保物权行使,其原因在于生存价值的最高性、生存保障上的社会共同义务性及生存权的首要性的确立.此外,生存性债权易受担保物权的排斥,也是其应优先行使的重要原因.我国未来立法与司法活动也应遵循这一原则精神.