返乡农民工职业发展的优化策略

人是第一资源,大量农民工失业返乡对于社会主义新农村建设与深度推进将是一个新的契机。通过对经济危机下返乡农民工职业发展规划进行深入分析,阐明通过规划不同类型的职业生涯发展路径,促进返乡农民工通过职业发展规划成为各领域能手,转型成为现代农民、自主创业者、新农村基础设施建设的参与者、专业合作社经纪人,成为社会主义新农村建设与和谐社会建设的领跑者和主力军。     

制度变迁视角下的农民工问题

农民工问题是我国经济社会协调发展过程中面临的重要问题之一,本文从制度变迁的视角,阐述了农民工问题的产生根源及其治理途径,指出解决农民工问题的关键在于政府主导下的强制性制度变迁,并据此得出了相应的对策。     

全球金融危机对我国就业的影响及其对策

全球金融危机对我国的劳动力就业冲击很大,农民工就业、大学毕业生就业和城镇下岗工人再就业是我国当前急需解决的三大就业问题。地方政府应当引导返乡农民工积极投入到家乡的新农村建设中去;国家、高校以及大学毕业生应认清形势,最大限度地创造就业机会;对城镇下岗工人则需加强技能培训和政策扶持。     

Egyptian Farmers' Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Agricultural Pesticides: Implications for Pesticide Risk Communication

The need to boost pre- and postharvest agricultural productivity serves as a powerful driving force for developing countries to promote the use of agricultural pesticides. Pesticides are, however, "poisons by design" and poisonings resulting from unsafe use of these chemicals are the most prevalent and serious occupational hazards faced by agricultural workers in developing countries. This article provides the results of a study designed to investigate the extent of unsafe use of pesticides by farmers in one of the largest agricultural areas in Egypt, the farmers' knowledge about pesticides, and their preferred sources of receiving risk information on pesticides. The results of this study show a high level of unsafe use of pesticides and inappropriate methods of disposal of empty pesticide containers. Also, knowledge about pesticides is scant. Notwithstanding that more than half of the farmers obtain regular drinking water from wells, most of the respondents were "not sure" as to whether or not pesticides may contaminate groundwater. The low level of knowledge about pesticides can be attributed to relatively low levels of education and that almost all the respondents have never participated in a pesticide education program. This article concludes with a recommendation for pesticide and pesticide use education programs, especially through "ministry officials" who most of the respondents seem to trust regarding receiving pesticide information.     

民营企业知识型员工激励因素实证分析

通过对浙江省部分民营企业知识型员工的问卷调查分析,认为民营企业知识型员工激励因素由任务本身、工作环境、个人发展目标、目标实现、外在报酬和内在报酬6个因素构成,提出了有效激励民营企业知识型员工的四项措施是环境激励、目标激励、工作激励和报酬激励。     

不确定性与农民工非永久迁移

中国社会已进入一个高度流动、难以预测的不确定性时代。 农民工一方面难以从资本那里获得稳定工作和报酬的承诺,另一方面也难以从国家那里获得充足且稳定的保障预期。 田野调查发现,农民工深切地体验到就业市场、社会保障、社会资本、城市生活环境等方面的不确定性和风险性。 这些风险体验形塑了农民工不确定性的乡城迁移态度以及非永久迁移的行动选择。 从深层次看,农民工的非永久迁移,实质是生存理性下的一种再传统化行动,即希望通过回归村落共同体以应对系统风险。 为此,在乡村振兴的战略下,应注重村落共同体的维续和发展,给予农民工逆城镇化的机会。 同时,应采取流动的城镇化策略,即不应以定居的视角来推动城镇化,而是建立一个开放流动的公共服务和社会保障体系,那样可能更能满足农民工城镇化的现实需求。     

QWL and Related Factors for Migrant Workers Survey in Guangdong Province,China

Abstract

The quality of work and life (abbreviated as QWL) of migrant workers in China is related to urbanization and social development and reflects subjective well-being. This study examined migrant workers’ quality of work and life and constructed an index system to evaluate overall quality. Survey data from 3,375 participants in Guangdong, China, were analyzed using ordinary least square regression. The results showed that migrant workers’ quality of work and life is low. Quality of life is lower than quality of work, indicating that social services provision was rated lower than employment situation. Quality of work and life is influenced both by objective institutional factors and subjective human capital factors, particularly training, social security, public services, and social institutional factors. Subjective quality of work and life is based on evaluation of objective situations. This study proposes several reforms in training, employment, the household registration system, enterprise management, rights protection, social inclusion, and the rural land transfer system. Future research should address the relationship between quality of work and life and related factors using longitudinal survey data, interaction of indexes and individual factors, and differences in quality of work and life of migrant workers under different institutional systems. International comparative research should also be conducted.     

城镇化进程对不同类型医保参加群体数量的影响

按照当前的城镇化速度,预测2014年左右我国的城镇化率将达到50%。在短时间内,城镇化进程不会对新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民医疗保险的参加人数造成太大影响,而城镇化进程带来就业人数的增加却会导致更多的就业群体被城镇职工医疗保险所覆盖。     

Cultural production in the working-class resistance: labour activism,gender politics,and solidarities

ABSTRACT

Against the backdrop of China as a seemingly ideal model to justify and normalize capitalist globalization, this article seeks to demonstrate how grassroots and bottom-up resistance can disrupt hegemonic ideologies and dominant values. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with a local NGO and an activist group from March 2016 to July 2017, my study demonstrates that labour activism through cultural production becomes an important constitution of contemporary working-class resistance in China. Collective cultural production, such as advocacy songs, live shows, and writing endorsement articles, expresses a working-class subjective position and an anti-capitalist standpoint. Rural migrant workers’ inequality serves as a political and ideological stance from which different social actors join together in activism and resistance to construct imaginations of a new socialist China where there are equal relations in production and distribution, and social inclusion and respect. In the process of forming solidarities, feminist agendas for gender equality are marginalized in working-class resistance and gendered power relations greatly shape activists’ subjectivities, practices, and experiences. This study contributes to the intersection of labour studies, cultural studies, and feminist studies in China. I argue that grassroots labour cultural production contributes to the discursive formation of counter-hegemonic power; yet a more inclusive activist agenda is still required to imagine and build an equal and just society.     

矛盾的自我认同：当代国有企业工人劳动模范的心态

文章研究当代国有企业工人劳动模范的自我认同状况。对于劳动模范称号的获得,他们感到自豪,但也身处现实和心理的压力之中。由于中国工人阶级整体的衰落,劳动模范作为工人阶级中的优秀分子,也存在向上流动的困难与心理上深深的失落感。