Causal dynamics of poverty reproduction in EU countries

This study investigated causal mechanisms of poverty reproduction in EU countries by placing emphasis on the parental background effect on sons’ poverty risk after having controlled for endogeneity among observable and non‐observable effects of the involved mechanisms. The countries under investigation were old EU member states representing the four welfare regimes in the EU. Having employed path models and utilised EU‐SILC 2005 data, the analysis yielded no statistically significant direct effect of parental background on sons’ poverty risk in Denmark. Greece, however, exhibited a statistically significant and quite strong direct effect. Germany and the United Kingdom stood in‐between. Moreover, the analysis found indirect channels through which the parental background affects sons’ poverty risk. These findings are expected to enrich the academic discourse and inform the policy‐making process on poverty reproduction and social protection in the EU.     

‘When and where does being Welsh matter to me?’ The influence of cross-border mobilities on constructions of sub-national belonging in the lives of Welsh Muslims*

This article will discuss how Welsh Muslims construct what a sense of place means to them through their cross-border mobility between England and Wales, and how this contributes to the ongoing re-construction of a plural understanding of nationhood in an era of diversity. To understand when and where being Welsh matters to Welsh Muslims, it will explore how mobility rather than being the antithesis of belonging, can be used as an essential tool in highlighting how perceptions of the nation, sub-state nation, home and place are influenced and understood.     

Pupil Mobility: Using Students' Voices to Explore their Experiences of Changing Schools

This article explores the ways in which students' voices can be used to analyse the process of moving schools, at a time outside of those that young people normally change schools. The paper is based on a study in a secondary school and uses qualitative data collected by researchers and student co‐researchers. Two areas were raised by students as important about being at a new school: the perceived challenges and their perceptions of learning in a new environment. It is argued that to respond to issues that arise due to mobility, an engagement with students' views is necessary. Furthermore, this can facilitate policy‐makers, school leaders and educators in providing more effective support for those young people.     

InSb薄膜的真空蒸发及磁敏霍尔元件的制作

利用单源真空蒸发方法制备InSb薄膜。研究了基片温度控制和膜层厚度对薄膜电子迁移率的影响。室温下测得InSb薄膜的电子迁移率为4×104cm2／V.s,晶粒尺寸达微米数量级。制作的磁敏霍尔元件输入与输出电阻范围为200～500Ω,乘积灵敏度达90～150V／A·T。     

劳动力流动的经济分析

在发展中国家,劳动力流动是一个普遍的经济现象。剩余劳动力由农业部门向工业部门的流动,就能提高了两部门的生产规模,促进了两部门的经济增长。对劳动力流动的经济分析,能够为政府制定经济政策提供理论依据。     

从疍民到“市民”：身份制与海洋渔民的代际流动

文章通过对一户海洋渔民三代流动的考察,认为自新中国成立以来,代际流动经过了一个由“显性制度安排下的结构性流动”到“有限的自由流动”,再到“隐性制度安排下的‘自由流动’”的过,程。在这个过程中变迁的主轴是以户籍为核心的身份制。但真正能改变个体社会地位的是依附于身份制的资源分配制度,而不是形式上的“身份”。     

“We're gonna get you through it”: The role of bonding social capital in the development of bridging social capital

Many programs that place low-income students of color in high-achieving college preparatory high schools seek to nurture bridging social capital, connections across class lines that provide leverage in the process of “getting ahead.” Bonding social capital, which focuses more on emotional support and “getting by,” is frequently characterized as less useful for social mobility. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with alumni from one such program, we challenge the notion of bridging and bonding social capital as discrete, countervailing forms of social capital, and demonstrate how the two may complement each other. Specifically, we find that bonding social capital served as a critical resource that students drew upon as they navigated their elite high schools in the face of racism and classism. In doing so, this bonding social capital ultimately facilitated the development of bridging social capital by encouraging student persistence at these institutions. Our findings support critiques of traditional accounts of social capital that devalue the capital possessed by marginalized communities and fuel deficit ideologies. Furthermore, they highlight the personal costs that youth may face in the pursuit of bridging capital, complicating the narrative of social mobility as an unmitigated good.     

职业流动的途径及其相关因素对上海市劳动力市场的实证分析

“职业流动”是经济学和社会学共同关注的重要主题之一。对于这一现象,经济学家往往站在“理性人”的角度上,把劳动者解释为追求利益最大化的“理性”行动者(霍夫曼,1989:20),流动与否、采用何种途径流动以及相应的结果都是其理性决策的过程。在他们看来,劳动者的职业流动如果不是因为劳动力市场产生了职位空缺需要有人去填补(White, 1970; Tuma & Hannan, 1984),就是因为劳动者预计流动后的收益大于不流动的收益(陆铭,2002:135 137)。但在社会学家看来,这些解释显然不够充分,因为他们发现职业流动中劳动者的行为往往混杂着对非经济目标的…     

Constants and variables: Pareto's asymmetric distribution curve

The article sets out the classic Paretian theory of income distribution. As it does so, it seeks to highlight the constant elements in the human faculties represented, at aggregate level, by the invariability and persistence of the asymmetric income curve, and the variable elements connected with the same curve and manifest in upward and downward mobility – what Pareto calls ‘circulation’. The two theorems arising from Pareto's discovery constitute a specific theory of development which has been confirmed from two points of view: in the positive sense of development when – as in the West – the second theorem has been applied (also independently of Pareto) with the connected theory of the entrepreneur and innovation in democratic regimes; but also in the negative sense of underdevelopment, with the destruction of wealth and the consequent general impoverishment, when expropriation policies have been implemented in despotic regimes, or excessive taxation in others.     

中国城乡居民代际收入流动分析

利用CGSS提供的中国28个省区微观调查数据,应用Atkinson回归模型和转移矩阵两种度量代际收入流动性的方法,研究了中国2005年的城乡居民代际收入流动性及其影响因素。研究发现：代际收入在不同的分类下流动弹性并不大,其中城市的流动高于农村;东、中、西部的流动弹性呈现逐渐递减趋势。利用转移矩阵对流动性进行测度,研究表明：总体的代际收入流动有一种保持效应,即从最低等级转向高一等级的概率较小,从最高等级转向低一等级的概率也较小,总体的不同等级间的流动性较差。性别、年龄、受教育年限和家庭背景对个人收入的高低起着积极的作用。