中国城乡居民代际收入流动分析

利用CGSS提供的中国28个省区微观调查数据,应用Atkinson回归模型和转移矩阵两种度量代际收入流动性的方法,研究了中国2005年的城乡居民代际收入流动性及其影响因素。研究发现：代际收入在不同的分类下流动弹性并不大,其中城市的流动高于农村;东、中、西部的流动弹性呈现逐渐递减趋势。利用转移矩阵对流动性进行测度,研究表明：总体的代际收入流动有一种保持效应,即从最低等级转向高一等级的概率较小,从最高等级转向低一等级的概率也较小,总体的不同等级间的流动性较差。性别、年龄、受教育年限和家庭背景对个人收入的高低起着积极的作用。     

Asymmetries in the opportunity structure. Intergenerational mobility trends in Europe

It remains unclear whether social mobility is increasing in the advanced nations. The answer may depend on mobility patterns within very recent birth cohorts. We use the inter-generational module in the 2005 EU-SILC which allows us to include more recent cohorts. Comparing across two Nordic and three Continental European countries, we estimate inter-generational mobility trends for sons both indirectly, via social origin effects on educational attainment, and directly in terms of adult income attainment. In line with other studies we find substantially more mobility in Scandinavia, but also that traditionally less mobile societies, like Spain, are moving towards greater equality. We focus particularly on non-linear relations. Most interestingly, we reveal evident asymmetries in the process of equalizing life chances, in Denmark. The disadvantages associated with low social class origins have largely disappeared, but the advantages related to privileged origins persist.     

二元就业结构、劳动力流动与中国服务业发展

通过实证检验中国二元就业结构对服务业劳动力要素流动的影响,发现中国制造业、农业和服务业发展对服务劳动要素流动的引致需求弹性系数分别是显著性为正、显著性为负和相对显著为负;但考虑到各产业的国有单位就业比重时,上述服务劳动要素流动的引致需求弹性系数显著性为负,并且这种二元就业体制对三次产业发展引致服务劳动要素流动的影响在国有单位就业比重越大的产业越明显。因此,改变目前的这种二元就业体制是促进中国服务业要素自由流动,提高服务业吸纳就业效率的重要战略选择。     

海南黎族社会流动状况的初步考察

对245户黎族家庭的调查结果表明,受访家庭户主的社会流动率较低,向上流动渠道不畅,社会封闭现象严重,部分受访者的社会阶层不升反降.受教育程度越高者,所处社会阶层越高、越稳定,流动的比例也越低.受访群体的代际流动渠道狭窄,上升渠道单一,从事商业服务业几乎是农家子弟的惟一上升途径.造成这种状况的主要原因在于户主子女的受教育程度与父辈相比并没有明显的提高.     

阶层认同、地位变化和机会公平意识

机会公平是和谐社会的核心价值理念。通过对中国综合社会调查数据（CGSS）的分析发现：主观社会阶层认同越低的群体对当前社会机会公平的认同感越低;向上的社会流动能有效提升其对社会公平的认可,而其效应主要体现在主观社会阶层认同较低的群体上。在机会公平开放和程序公正的基础上推动合理有序的社会流动是塑造健康平和的社会心态的关键因素。     

中国农村人口流动的影响因素与实施对策——基于推拉理论的托达罗修正模型

中国农村剩余劳动力数量巨大,如何在城市就业空间有限的情况下有效地解决中国农村剩余劳动力的合理转移问题,是推进城镇化和提升农民收入以及实现社会稳定和可持续发展的重要举措之一。在托达罗人口流动模型的基础上,引入"推拉理论",结合中国农村人口流动实际状况,对托达罗人口流动模型进行修正,并以此构建多元回归模式进行逐步回归分析,结果表明:在农村人口流动的过程中应当加快第二、第三产业的发展,加大培训"农民工"专业技能的力度;深化体制改革,消除城乡二元分割的制度壁垒,构建城乡衔接的社会福利制度;加快工业化和城市化进程,建立城乡统一的劳动力市场,从而进一步促进农村劳动力人口向城镇的有效转移。     

Intergenerational income mobility and inequality in South Korea

Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), recent trends in intergenerational income mobility were explored, examining the relationship between income mobility and income inequality in South Korea. The study found that the intergenerational elasticity of income is about 0.2 and there is no clear‐cut trend in intergenerational income mobility. In addition, this study showed that there is no systematic relation between rising income inequality and intergenerational income mobility in contemporary Korea. Overall, the results indicate that intergenerational income mobility is irresponsive to the income inequality the respondents experienced growing up. It is assumed that education and welfare transfer programs might offset the consequences of income inequality by leading to upward mobility for children from low‐income households.     

Labor Market Segmentation,Job Mobility and the Two-track Model of Chinese Urban Workers＇ Acquisition of Economic Status

使用“2009年中国社会网络与职业经历调查”（JSNET2009）广州、上海、厦门、济南和西安五城市数据,检验了改革以后影响中国城市劳动者职业流动模式以及经济地位获得的因素。研究结果表明,高学历劳动者与低学历劳动者群体处于两个分割的劳动力市场中,他们的经济地位获得路径完全不同。对于低学历劳动者,职业流动是提升他们收入水平的最重要因素,而人力资本因素（受教育年限和工作经验）对他们的收入没有影响。高学历劳动者的情况刚好相反,职业流动对收入获得没有任何作用,影响他们收入分层的最重要因素是人力资本。本研究揭示了转型期中国城市地区不同劳动力市场劳动者的经济地位获得的二元路径模式。     

Walking the Tightrope: Developing a Systems Approach to Balance Safety and Mobility for an Aging Society

In an aging population, safety and mobility are often viewed as being in conflict, when in fact they are two values that must be reflected equally in transportation policy. The challenge for policy makers and for society is to emphasize and optimize both. To achieve this, a comprehensive systems approach to driver health, personal decision-making and planning, community and transportation systems construction, vehicle design, and licensing regulations is needed. Such an approach requires crafting policies based on conceptualizing the issue as a continuum of resources facilitating safety and mobility regardless of driving status. The discussion that follows reviews components of the issue and suggestions for developing a comprehensive approach.     

关于新生代农民工城市化问题的研究--社会流动视角下基于湖北省黄石市的实证分析

改革开放以来特别是20世纪90年代以来,我国城市化的进程明显加快.随着社会主义市场经济制度的建立和完善,我国经济的快速发展,大量农民进城务工,如何引导农民工尤其是新生代农民工向市民转变成为城市化发展的重要内容.从社会流动和新生代农民工自身几个方面探索实现新生代农民工城市化的各种途径,对于消除新生代农民工的城市化障碍,尽早实现农民工城市化,推进城市化进程具有重要意义.