我国劳动力流动市场化程度的地区差异--对中国市场化指数和贫困监测报告有关数据的分析

本文依据中国市场化指数研究报告的数据和世界银行贷款扶贫项目监测报告中的调查数据,考察了我国劳动力流动市场化程度的地区差异问题。研究表明,中国各省市区要素市场的市场化水平持续提升,劳动力流动程度大为提高,各地绝对差异扩大,但市场化程度的相对差距却在下降。由于指数设计上的不足,市场化进程指数体系对劳动力流动性的考察存在缺陷。劳动力的外流对流出地经济市场化进程具有积极作用和正面影响。     

改革开放以来中国知识分子的社会流动和阶层结构

改革开放以来,中国知识分子的社会流动广泛而迅猛,主要从劳动生产率较低和经济效益较差的地区、行业和单位,流向劳动生产率较高和经济效益较好的地区、行业和单位.到目前为止,知识分子阶层主要由专业型知识分子、公务员型知识分子、经理型知识分子、业主型知识分子、中介型知识分子、自由职业型知识分子、个体户型知识分子等七个群体构成.改革开放以来知识分子社会流动的发展和阶层结构的变化,对中国的经济发展和社会进步产生了重大而深远的影响.我们需要采取切实的措施,趋利避害,使知识分子的社会流动和阶层结构变化更好地为实现社会主义现代化服务.     

Coping with Vulnerabilities in Old Age and Retirement: Cross-border Mobility,Family Relations and Social Networks of German Retirees in Alanya

ABSTRACT

Reduced income upon retirement is a vulnerability threat, which increases dependency on public provisions, familial, and/or social (community) support. Many German retirees, in addition to lifestyle motivations, move to low-cost destinations in order to maintain an autonomous and independent life while minimizing the risks of financial worsening. In this article, I discuss the vulnerability patterns of German retirees in the Mediterranean coastal town of Alanya, Turkey, and the role of social networks, with a particular focus on intergenerational family relations. I argue that, despite increased life satisfaction, relocation to a new destination abroad results in new emerging threats. German retirees in Alanya experience difficulties in terms of a lack of intergenerational family support and the double jeopardy of being framed by the legal regulations of two nation states. Based on the findings of the empirical research conducted in Alanya in 2017, I will demonstrate new threats emerged after relocation and how retirees respond to those with new coping strategies.     

多要素流动、内生产业空间波动与经济地理新均衡——基于新经济地理学自由企业家模型的比较研究

促进新经济地理学理论的发展，不仅要根据理论要求的逻辑完美性修改假设，更为重要的是，要根据空间经济发展的现实修改模型的假设条件。由此，在研究上突破了新经济地理学模型单一生产要素流动假设的局限性，认为企业家与普通劳动者在地区间都可以流动，并且，普通劳动者在行业间也可以自由流动。与新经济地理学可解的经典模型——自由企业家模型相比，新的可解中心-外围模型丰富了新经济地理学的研究结论，发展了新的理论观点：突破点与持续点的大小比较存在三种关系。随着贸易自由度的变化，产业空间结构的演化除了棒棒均衡的结果外，不仅可能出现内部非对称结构为稳定均衡的情形，也可能出现内部非对称结构与中心-外围结构稳定均衡共存的情形，而不仅仅是对称结构与中心-外围结构稳定均衡共存的情形；随着贸易自由度的提高，工业品支出份额的增加，工业品间替代弹性的降低，会引起产业空间的稳定结构由对称结构向非对称结构转化；一旦产业空间结构演化的“黑洞条件”得到满足，则产业空间的稳定结构只能是内部非对称结构或中心-外围结构，而不仅仅是中心-外围的稳态结构。     

Exploring the motivation and willingness of self-initiated expatriates,in the civil engineering industry,when considering employment opportunities in Qatar

This paper provides empirical and contextual insight into the complexity of Self-Initiated Expatriates’ (SIEs) experiences in a unique setting. Factors that influence SIEs in the civil engineering industry, when considering overseas employment in Qatar, are identified and considered. Drawing comparison to organizational expatriates (OEs), this paper uses semi-structured interviews conducted with professionals from the civil engineering and construction industries. The research surfaced that different factors interconnect to affect individuals’ decisions about overseas employment. Three factors, specifically; location appeal, host country as an employment setting and effect of expatriation on the family, appear to be more influential to participants when the proposed destination is Qatar.     

Risk‐Cost‐Benefit Analysis for Transportation Corridors with Interval Uncertainties of Heterogeneous Data

Access management, which systematically limits opportunities for egress and ingress of vehicles to highway lanes, is critical to protect trillions of dollars of current investment in transportation. This article addresses allocating resources for access management with incomplete and partially relevant data on crash rates, travel speeds, and other factors. While access management can be effective to avoid crashes, reduce travel times, and increase route capacities, the literature suggests a need for performance metrics to guide investments in resource allocation across large corridor networks and several time horizons. In this article, we describe a quantitative decision model to support an access management program via risk‐cost‐benefit analysis under data uncertainties from diverse sources of data and expertise. The approach quantifies potential benefits, including safety improvement and travel time savings, and costs of access management through functional relationships of input parameters including crash rates, corridor access point densities, and traffic volumes. Parameter uncertainties, which vary across locales and experts, are addressed via numerical interval analyses. This approach is demonstrated at several geographic scales across 7,000 kilometers of highways in a geographic region and several subregions. The demonstration prioritizes route segments that would benefit from risk management, including (i) additional data or elicitation, (ii) right‐of‐way purchases, (iii) restriction or closing of access points, (iv) new alignments, (v) developer proffers, and (vi) etc. The approach ought to be of wide interest to analysts, planners, policymakers, and stakeholders who rely on heterogeneous data and expertise for risk management.     

The intergenerational transmission of income mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters: The mediating role of their daughters' educational attainment

This study examines whether the daughters' educational attainment mediates the intergenerational transmission of economic mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters. To create mother–daughter dyads, two data sets were combined: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY). A total of 2,456 dyads were included for analysis. We used a mediation model to explore the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income. Mothers' income was associated with their young adult daughters' educational attainment and income. The mediation model indicated partial mediation of the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income via their young adult daughters' educational attainment. Addressing issues of income inequality among mothers may serve as a buffer against the low upward mobility across generations for their young adult daughters raised by low-income mothers. It is imperative to provide programs and financial assistance for mothers to bolster their income and thereby their daughters' educational attainment and income in young adulthood and therefore improve economic mobility from mothers to daughters.     

Causal dynamics of poverty reproduction in EU countries

This study investigated causal mechanisms of poverty reproduction in EU countries by placing emphasis on the parental background effect on sons’ poverty risk after having controlled for endogeneity among observable and non‐observable effects of the involved mechanisms. The countries under investigation were old EU member states representing the four welfare regimes in the EU. Having employed path models and utilised EU‐SILC 2005 data, the analysis yielded no statistically significant direct effect of parental background on sons’ poverty risk in Denmark. Greece, however, exhibited a statistically significant and quite strong direct effect. Germany and the United Kingdom stood in‐between. Moreover, the analysis found indirect channels through which the parental background affects sons’ poverty risk. These findings are expected to enrich the academic discourse and inform the policy‐making process on poverty reproduction and social protection in the EU.     

‘When and where does being Welsh matter to me?’ The influence of cross-border mobilities on constructions of sub-national belonging in the lives of Welsh Muslims*

This article will discuss how Welsh Muslims construct what a sense of place means to them through their cross-border mobility between England and Wales, and how this contributes to the ongoing re-construction of a plural understanding of nationhood in an era of diversity. To understand when and where being Welsh matters to Welsh Muslims, it will explore how mobility rather than being the antithesis of belonging, can be used as an essential tool in highlighting how perceptions of the nation, sub-state nation, home and place are influenced and understood.     

Pupil Mobility: Using Students' Voices to Explore their Experiences of Changing Schools

This article explores the ways in which students' voices can be used to analyse the process of moving schools, at a time outside of those that young people normally change schools. The paper is based on a study in a secondary school and uses qualitative data collected by researchers and student co‐researchers. Two areas were raised by students as important about being at a new school: the perceived challenges and their perceptions of learning in a new environment. It is argued that to respond to issues that arise due to mobility, an engagement with students' views is necessary. Furthermore, this can facilitate policy‐makers, school leaders and educators in providing more effective support for those young people.