主位结构与句子的主语关系

韩礼德和汤普森对主位所下的定义是:主位是句子开端的部分。这里着重分析各种语气结构中的单项主位的表现,发现英语主语在多数情况下充当无标记性主位,主语和主位的重合在陈述句中尤为明显。但是,英语主语有时也可以充当无标记性述位(如在有些疑问句和感叹句中),在少数情况下,主语还可以用作有标记性的主位。     

构建以审美为中介的文学价值系统——兼论文学理论批评怎样应对多元化的文学格局

以人与对象性世界关系为逻辑起点 ,通过对文学活动过程的静态与动态分析 ,揭示文学价值是自我价值与社会价值双向互动的系统构成 ,并在此基础上形成以审美为中介的多重性价值构建的阐释座标 :既不应把维护文学的审美价值的基点简单地理解或置换成为闭锁于作家———文本自身的完全自洽的概念 ,也不能摒弃以审美价值为基点去直接考察和分析包括政治、伦理及其它精神文化在内的多重性价值内涵和形态。同时 ,不仅要重视文学两个基本价值取向 (满足人的基本的情感要求与注重人性深度的开掘和形而上意义的承诺 )的差异和冲突 ;更要体认它们之间的“共在”关系及隐含制衡的张力结构。这样 ,文学理论批评才能在保持文学的审美特性的同时 ,形成开放、多元良性发展的崭新局面。     

Improvement of Highway Safety I: Identification of Causal Factors Through Fault-Tree Modeling1

As the first article of a two-part series, the purpose of this paper is to examine the functional factors that contribute to automobile accident occurrence and to model the causation structure in the form of a fault-tree. The fault-tree model provides an intuitive framework for qualitatively decomposing possible pathways to accident occurrence. Fault-tree analysis also provides a statistical representation of how interacting driver, vehicle, and environmental factors contribute to the likelihood of automobile accident occurrence. The application of this model facilitates pinpointing those factors that most contribute to accident causation and subsequently enables the identification and comparison of potential crash avoidance technologies.     

我国企业境外直接投资的多元目标及政策导向

在全球经济全球化和一体化的背景下 ,中国企业真正融入到激烈的全球竞争环境中。为了应对国际竞争的新形势 ,越来越多的企业开始走出国门。文章就此分析了我国企业开展境外直接投资的多元化的现状及其多元化的目标取向 ,并进一步探讨了相应的政策导向。     

对多元价值背景中个体道德理性的检视

改革开放一方面带来了经济的发展,另一方面也带来了道德上的困惑与迷茫。面对这样一个多元价值社会,个体需要道德理性。这种道德理性主要体现的是一种探究、批判的精神。而这种道德理性正是以往学校道德教育中所缺失的,通过对个体道德理性进行检视以期探寻当前我国道德教育应对多元价值时代挑战的出路。     

波分复用/光码分多址网络性能研究

基于波分复用/光码分复用混合网络模型,研究了光码分多址和波分复用/光码分复用网络性能,导出网络误码率公式;针对加性白色高斯噪声信道模型,将信息论应用到网络系统性能的分析上,得到网络的吞吐量公式。仿真结果表明:波分复用/光码分复用混合网络较单纯光码分多址网络具有容量大,网络扩展容易、方便等优点。     

欧氏环中最大公因子与最小公倍子的统一求法

通过对欧氏环上矩阵的讨论 ,给出了欧氏环中两个元素的最大公因子与最小公倍子的统一求法 .该方法对整数环 Z和多项式环 F[x]中的问题的解决有指导意义     

中国金融业经营模式探析

对国际、国内经济金融环境发展变化分析认为,我国当前的分业经营体制既不适应金融业发展的趋势,也不符合国际潮流。因而建议根据变化了的国内外经济金融条件,适时选择金融控股型股权式混业经营模式,以确保我国金融业的持续发展。     

Multiple imputation compared with restricted pseudo‐likelihood and generalized estimating equations for analysis of binary repeated measures in clinical studies

Non‐likelihood‐based methods for repeated measures analysis of binary data in clinical trials can result in biased estimates of treatment effects and associated standard errors when the dropout process is not completely at random. We tested the utility of a multiple imputation approach in reducing these biases. Simulations were used to compare performance of multiple imputation with generalized estimating equations and restricted pseudo‐likelihood in five representative clinical trial profiles for estimating (a) overall treatment effects and (b) treatment differences at the last scheduled visit. In clinical trials with moderate to high (40–60%) dropout rates with dropouts missing at random, multiple imputation led to less biased and more precise estimates of treatment differences for binary outcomes based on underlying continuous scores. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding the Risk of an Avian Flu Pandemic: Rational Waiting or Precautionary Failure?

The precautionary principle (PP) has been proposed as the proper guide for the decision-making criteria to be adopted in the face of the new catastrophic risks that have arisen in the last decades. This article puts forward a workable definition of the PP based on the so-called alpha-maximin expected utility approach, applying it to the possible outbreak of the avian flu disease among humans. Moreover, it shows how the shortage and/or lack of effective drugs against the infection of the virus A(H5N1) among humans can be considered a precautionary failure.