海洋类研究生人文素质培养的重要性初探

在对“人文”内涵的进一步辨识中，着重探讨海洋类研究生教育过程中人文素质对研究生海洋意识的培养、涉海类学科生态构建以及实现人类对海洋“诗意栖居”的重要性，并试图与当下最强调的研究生“创新”教育结合，阐述人文素养对海洋类研究生的深刻影响。     

试析英阿马岛之战

马岛之战是第二次世界大战后在大西洋上的一次最大规模的海空作战,是一场现代意义上的战争,英国在马岛之战中的胜利,不仅取决于其武器装备的优势,而且也取决于它得到了美国等西方盟国的大力支持。尽管如此,英国在马岛战争中仍然付出了沉重的代价。除相当数量的人员伤亡之外,英国与拉美国家的关系恶化了,这对英国是一次沉重的打击。     

Origin and evolution of endemic plants of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands

The Bonin Islands are typical oceanic islands, located at the western part of the North Pacific Ocean and approximately 1,000 km south of mainland Japan. This archipelago consists of about 20 small islands. Although floristic diversity is low due to the small area and limited environmental diversity, the Bonin Islands harbor unique endemic flora as in other well-known oceanic islands. This paper presents a brief summary of the results obtained from recent studies on the endemic flora of the Bonin Islands. The results are reviewed in relation to the four stages of the evolution of endemic flora in the oceanic islands; migration, establishment, enlargement and diversification. The ancestors of the flora originated mostly from tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia or mainland Japan by rare events of long distance dispersal. The proportion of bird-dispersed species is relatively high as for other oceanic islands. Genetic data sets obtained from allozyme variation in some endemic species suggest that migration occurred several million years ago and genetic diversity is correlated with current population size. At the time of establishment, self-compatible plants are expected to have an advantage. However, the percentage of dioecious plants is relatively high. This is partly due to evolutionary changes from hermaphroditic ancestors to dioecy which occurred in two genera in the Bonin Islands. In addition, there are some examples of evolutionary changes from herbaceous ancestors to woody endemics. Adaptive radiation is found in some genera, although the number of congeneric endemic species is less than five. Studies of allozyme variation inPittosporum, Symplocos andCrepidiastrum showed that genetic identity is generally very high between congeneric species in spite of their distinct morphologies. This result suggests that divergence of these species occurred rather recently and distinct morphological differences are based on a limited number of genetic changes.     

海岛中学生生存质量状况调查

为了解海岛中学生生存质量的现状,分层取样海岛6所中学,用自编一般情况调查表和《高中生生存质量量表》(HSS-QOLS)进行测查。结果显示,海岛中学男生在心理和生理维度上得分高于女生,高中生在社会功能得分上高于初中生。结论是男生可能在自信、自理和自立等方面优于女生;高中生在处理个人关系、获取社会支持程度上优于初中生;学校教育质量社会评价越好或者学生成绩越优秀,其生存质量往往越好。     

天津“孤岛”时期的报刊

1937年8月日寇占领天津,天津英、法租界成为"中立"的"孤岛",直至太平洋 战争爆发.在日伪的新闻统制下,天津原有的报业凋零,<大公报>、<益世报>等著名大 报被迫迁移或停刊,<京津泰晤士报>和<华北明星报>等外文报坚持出版,此外还出现了一些利用"孤岛"复杂政治局势秘密出版的抗日报刊.     

文化传承视野中潮汕海洋文化习俗探微

潮汕文化是以传统文化为核心,融合海洋文化、外来文化为一体的特殊的地域文化。由于海洋民俗文化蕴含着丰富的潮汕海洋文化历史,具有重要的海洋历史文化价值,是潮汕海洋文化建设的主要组成部分。正确解读其中的历史信息,有助于新的海洋民俗文化建设的借鉴。不过,随着现代化进程的加快,生活方式的改变,潮汕海洋生活习俗尤其有关海洋民俗文化的审美性文化、信仰心理情结等正在发生种种变化,在文化全球化的背景下,如何发展潮汕海洋民俗文化,使之既保持自己的地方文化特色,又能适应时代向前发展,为世界文化发展作出新贡献,是新世纪潮汕文化建设所面临的一个重要课题。     

汉语方言岛研究综述——兼及贵州汉语方言岛研究的思考

在描写语言学的研究框架下,汉语方言岛的研究是一个薄弱环节。随着研究理论和方法的更新,方言岛成为了方言研究的一个重要课题。从上个世纪八十年代至今的方言岛研究都力图体现了描写语言学、历史语言学、社会语言学相结合的思路并作出了一系列卓有成效的探索。本文在回顾全国汉语方言岛研究简况的基础上,提出了对贵州汉语方言岛研究的一些理论思考。     

我国海水淡化利用模式分析

海水淡化作为海水利用的重要内容,因其替代淡水效果好、工程投资规模较大、社会效益较高而备受社会各界关注。通过收集海水淡化的研究综述,整理海水淡化工程的布局,总结出可行的远距离输水海水淡化利用模式、工业企业海水淡化联产联用模式、海岛海水淡化利用模式及其经济技术特点,结合沿海各地区具体水资源条件和经济社会条件,提出在环渤海地区发展3种模式,在沿黄海地区主要发展海水淡化联产联用模式、在沿东海和沿南海地区主要发展海岛海水淡化利用模式的建议。     

Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sunlight-reducing catastrophes

Some island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun-reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well placed to help reboot-collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self-sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macroindices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case-study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favorable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socioecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with cobenefits, which may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.