白居易子嗣考辨

白居易的子嗣情况一直是困扰历代学者的难解之谜。通过对《白居易家谱》、《白邦彦墓志》等新发现的文献进行详细考辨之后，发现白居易确实是以侄孙阿新为后，阿新为白景受之子白邦翰。白景受即龟郎，他作为嗣孙之父，而被视为白居易的嗣子。     

长期大强度体育训练对人类生育性别的影响

目的:研究长期体育训练对人类生育性别的影响。方法:采用问卷调查的方法,对庆阳市及周边大、中专院校和中小学校体育工作者生育子女性别进行了调查分析。结果:仅男性一方或夫妻双方均常年从事体育训练,其生育子女中女孩显著多于男孩(P<0.01);而仅女性一方常年从事体育训练,其子女性别无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:长期进行体育训练的男性,由于体内环境的变化,所生育子女女性多于男性。     

论可持续发展的代际伦理

可持续发展的代际伦理体现了人们对传统伦理道德的扬弃，是人类的生存伦理。其内涵反映在人与人、人与社会、人与自然的三个层面上，是关于当代人和后代人应当享有的生存与发展的权利及其应当承担的责任和义务的道德规范。     

“望子成龙”心态成因初探

当今广大家长“望子成龙”心情十分迫切，这是人民群众的教育需求与我国教育发展矛盾的反映；是人民群众对就业竞争日趋激烈的反映；是人民群众对家庭户收入差距拉大存有压力的反映。     

传承与弘扬农村传统节日文化之系统思考

传承与弘扬农村传统节日文化,既是传承与弘扬中华优秀传统文化的应有之义,也是繁荣与发展新农村文化的基础工程,还是抢救与保护农村优秀文化资源的迫切需要。农村传统节日文化所面临的主要压力在于,我国城乡一体化,加速了它的消失;文化主体空心化,造成了它的断代;腐朽文化与外来文化的侵蚀,导致了它的偏向;城市文化的冲击,影响了它的发展。传承与弘扬农村传统节日文化的基本方略在于,政府要大力组织与主导农村传统节日活动;积极保护与培养农村传统节日文化传人;挖掘与抢救农村传统节日文化资源。     

革命派与改良派关于"黄帝子孙"称谓的歧争

改良派认为“黄帝子孙”是包括满族人在内的全体中国人的代名词 ,革命派认为“黄帝子孙”是汉族人的同义语 ,这是双方民族观念和政治主张的差异造成的 ,其实质是要不要进行排满反清革命。改良派对“黄帝子孙”称谓的认识比革命派更符合历史实际 ,但革命派倡导的反清革命却比改良派主张的君主立宪更顺应时代需要 ,故而革命派在歧争中占据了上风。这场歧争促进了反清革命的胜利 ,同时也使“黄帝子孙”称谓发生短暂错位。辛亥革命后 ,革命派放弃了对“黄帝子孙”称谓的错误认识 ,使其重新成为中华民族全体成员的代称。     

Expectation maximization estimates of the offspring probabilities in a class of multitype branching processes with binary family trees

When proliferating cells are counted in several independent colonies at some time points, the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of the multitype branching process are obtained trough an expectation maximization algorithm. In the case of an offspring distribution governed by a Markov branching process with binary family trees, this method, relying then on a partial knowledge of the tree, yields the same estimates as those computed with the complete knowledge of the tree.     

The implications of adoption for donor offspring following donor-assisted conception

In this paper the authors, all experienced social workers with research and practice interests in assisted conception, review practices concerning access to genetic origins information in adoption, and consider to what extent these may be relevant for practice in donor‐assisted conception. The paper concludes with policy and practice recommendations that take account of the views of donor offspring and their desire for increased information about their genetic heritage.     

Variation in offspring size within a population of the web-building spiderAgelena limbata

Within a population of the web-building spiderAgelena limbata, the weight of the first instar nymphs ranged from 1.187 to 6.559 mg. Both intraclutch and interclutch variation were recorded. The mean weights were different among clutches and the coefficients of variation within a clutch ranged from 3.3 to 29.2%. Variation in the nymphal weight was certainly derived from variation in the egg weight because there was a high correlation between the two weights. Factors affecting interclutch variation in nymphal weight were examined by multiple regression analysis. Nymphal weight was positively correlated with the body size and food conditions of female parents, and negatively correlated with the clutch size. Among these three factors, the food conditions of female parents had the largest apparent effect on the interclutch variation. The results suggest that females with larger body size and more food produce larger offspring, and that there is a trade-off between offspring size and clutch size. Heavier nymphs had larger body size (carapace width) and may have larger energy reserves. Heavier nymphs survived experimental starvation for a significantly longer period.     

张英家训思想初论

清康熙年间著名学者张英治家有方,教子有术。其专司治家、理财、教诫子孙的《聪训斋语》言简意赅,是难得的家训名篇,其主要内容包括养身、养心、养家、教子等四个方面。