上海重大建设对人口布局的影响及对策研究

上世纪90年代。上海市的战略地位发生巨大变化。城市功能布局由此进入大调整时期,一系列的重大建设项目由此展开并对城市人口布局产生深刻影响。上海市政府长期倡导的疏解中心城区人口的方针正在显现实效。但上海市人口优化布局的目标还远未实现,面临着众多挑战与问题。当前,科学发展现是符合时代要求的指导城市建设与规划的正确的观念。城市重大建设的具体工作必须坚持以人为本,符合科学发展观的要求。     

甘南藏族自治州男性人口生命表和死亡分析

本文用Brass曾生子女存活比估算儿童死亡率的方法和Gompertz死亡率定律等方法对甘南藏族自治州的“五普”男性人口的死亡和生存原始数据作了进一步的修匀和校正。在此基础上。我们用Farlle死亡概率法编制出了甘南藏族自治州男性人口的简略生命表．并通过生命表的结果分析了甘南州男性人口的死亡水平、死亡模式和死亡的性别格局。     

晚唐五代时期敦煌地区僧尼人口的增长及原因探析

僧尼人口的增长是晚唐五代时期敦煌地区佛教发展繁荣的一项重要表现。本文通过敦煌文书中关于僧尼人口的若干记载来探索这一地区当时僧尼人口的变化的轨迹,并对其增长原因进行分析。     

Ageing of a giant: a stochastic population forecast for China, 2006–2060

This paper presents a stochastic population forecast for China with a special emphasis on population ageing. The so-called scaled model for error was used to quantify the uncertainty attached to the population predictions. Data scarcity was a major problem in the specification of the expected error of the population forecast. Therefore, the error structures estimated for European countries were used with some modifications, taking into account the large size and heterogeneity of the Chinese population. The stochastic forecast confirms the expectation of extremely rapid population ageing during the first half of the twenty-first century in China. The old age dependency ratio (OADR) will certainly increase. Simply maintaining the current demographic rates (no international migration) would drive the OADR to 0.42 in 2060, four times the current level. Including expected declines in mortality and net outmigration in the projection would increase the median OADR in 2060 to 0.59, with a 80% prediction interval of [0.47, 0.75]. In particular, the oldest-old population will grow much faster than any other age group. This development has major implications for policy-making in China.

世界人口最新状况与未来发展

本文根据联合国公布的有关世界人口资料,详细介绍了世界人口的最新状况和未来发展趋势,包括世界人口的总量、分布、密度和城市化水平。以及不同的国家和地区在城市化水平、生活质量、生育水平和年龄构成等方面的特征和未来趋势。     

人口较少民族的法人类学探讨

我国55个少数民族中人口在10万以下的较小民族有22个,人口较少民族是中华民族多元一体的重要组成部分.人口较少民族经济社会发展取得了巨大进步,但仍然是我国建设全面小康社会和构建和谐社会的重点与难点.本文从法人类学的视角,探讨了人口较少民族的法人类学地位及人口较少民族的政治参与、经济生活、教育发展、宗教信仰、族群发展等现实状况,从各民族地位平等、构建和谐社会、国际人权保护的角度研究了人口较少民族的发展问题,提出了人口较少民族社会经济发展的若干思考.     

基于ASP语言的高校学籍管理系统的开发

学籍管理是高校教育质量保障体系中的基础,网络教学管理系统,可以使学籍管理更规范、更科学、更高效。目前高校所应用的网络教学管理系统,在学籍管理方面,存在进一步深化的空间。基于ASP语言开发一种新的学籍系统,具有自动输出学籍管理的文档,对成绩进行预警,减少学籍异动的功能;可以提高相关部门之间的信息沟通,使学籍管理更准确、更科学,促进教学质量的提高。     

Integrating Relational Perspectives in Career Counseling Practice

Sweeping changes in the world of work are transforming the very fabric of career counseling practice as clients cope increasingly with work uncertainty, including unemployment, underemployment, and precarious work. The authors describe how relational perspectives (Blustein, 2011 ; Flum 2015 ; Richardson, 2012 ; Schultheiss, 2003 ) can be infused in career counseling, with a focus on the concerns of an increasingly stressed and anxious client population. To provide a framework for the application of relational perspectives, the authors integrate and present existing relational theories and frameworks in 4 tenets that have particular relevance for career counseling practice. An in‐depth case analysis is provided to illustrate how relational perspectives can be integrated in working with clients experiencing uncertain work and associated relational challenges.     

Association between gambling harms and game types: Finnish population study

Understanding of the harmfulness of game types is needed when planning harm minimization and prevention strategies. Adult data (N = 3555) from the Finnish Gambling 2015 survey was used to investigate the associations between different game types and gambling-related harms. A negative binomial regression model was used to analyse the effects of demographics, gambling involvement factors, and engaging in different game types on the number of gambling-related harms, which were evaluated by PGSI and SOGS. Age of 18–24, gambling several times a week, high relative expenditure, online gambling and engaging weekly either in scratch games, betting games or slot machine gambling were associated with a higher number of gambling harms. Chasing losses was the most typical harm among online poker players and fast-paced daily lottery game players, while poor self-control was the most typical harm with other game types, although some of the results were not statistically significant. Multiple factors were associated with gambling harms, including young age and gambling intensity. Games that provide a possibility for high-frequency gambling are more linked to harms. Recommendations should be implemented to incorporate effective harm-minimizing strategies in the regulation of specific game types both at the legislative level (provision and supply) and at the public health level.     

CONSTRUCTING A HEALTH AND SOCIAL INDICATOR FRAMEWORK FOR INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY HEALTH RESEARCH

Health and social indicators that capture the distinct historical, social, and cultural contexts of Indigenous communities can play an important role in informing the planning and delivery of community interventions. There is currently considerable interest in cataloguing and vetting meaningful community-level health and social indicators that could be applied to research and health promotion activities in Indigenous communities in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, inclusive of conventional indicators as well as measures developed specifically for use in or with Indigenous communities. To avoid haphazard selection of indicators, and to assure the comprehensiveness and relevance of any given set of indicators, a framework that can accommodate and conceptually classify indicators representing a full range of domains is required. We report here on the development of a conceptual framework, by which Indigenous community indicators, and more general community-level social indicators, can be sorted, catalogued, and systematically classified within four hierarchical levels. The indicator framework was developed across Canada, Australia and New Zealand in consultation with academic researchers and Indigenous community stakeholders, building from established health and social indicator systems. The Indigenous indicator framework permits Indigenous communities, public health researchers, and funding agencies to compare and select the most appropriate indicators for application in specific contexts from the multitude of existing indicators.