历史学的未来:后人文主义的挑战

在过去10年里,由于与自然科学,尤其是生物学联系加深,人文科学和社会科学发生了巨大的变化。这些变化包括:解释范式或建构主义范式的象征化;在新唯物主义和新经验主义方面,出现了不同的甚至互相矛盾的趋势,它们主张"脱离文本"和"返归质料"。与这些变化相伴随的是,对人文主义和人类中心论的批评(后人文科学)。     

‘At home,he’s a pet,at work he’s a colleague and my right arm’: police dogs and the emerging posthumanist agenda

ABSTRACT

Increased attention is being paid to non-human animals, inspired in part by Human-Animal Studies and theoretical frameworks which reveal the fragility of human/animal dualism. Via the application of posthumanist performativity, we explore the recruitment and careers of police dogs via organisational analysis. It reveals a complex process of a dog becoming a police dog. Police dogs are placed within a speciesist hierarchy where they hold a position of ‘good’ non-human animals, rather than instrumental tools of the organisation. However, this position is tenuous, with dogs’ retirement often resulting in death. The paper concludes by arguing that posthumanist frameworks can be used to decentre the human subject. Contributions of our work include empirical insights on the use of non-human animals in policing coupled with the theoretical application of posthumanism to intersubjectivity in organisations.     

Can property be justified in an entangled world?

ABSTRACT

As a liberal institution, private property is based upon a view of the natural order that prioritizes the individual human being over our social existence and over our nonhuman others. Colonial expansion was enabled in part by the misrecognition and denigration of indigenous land management practices. Forms of property were imposed that were incommensurable with the sustainable relationships formed by original owners with land. Given the ubiquity of the Anglosphere’s degraded and abstract understanding of property, is it possible to imagine the decolonization of property? Can property be rethought to close the divide between person and thing, and to better acknowledge the normative values of mutuality and care between people and place? What resources are there within mainstream property theory that might allow for such a reconstruction of property?     

超人、原罪与后人类主义的理论困境

后人类主义是当代西方科技界流行的一股重要的理论思潮，企图依托当代高科技突破自然人类的生理极限，追求永恒的生命与无限的智慧，本文结合西方宗教的原罪意识，从生命伦理角度探讨了后人类主义的理论困境。     

从“上帝之死”到“人之死”——兼论福柯的后人道主义旨趣

从尼采杀死了“上帝”到福柯消解了“人”,西方哲学经历了以人作为主体的确立和解构的过程。福柯从时代的本质要求出发,通过宣布“人之死”实现了其后人道主义对人类中心主义的功能性超越,展现了其特有的后人道主义旨趣。     

Critical race theory meets posthumanism: lessons from a study of racial resegregation in public schools

Critical race theory (CRT) was used to frame a study of the impact of racial resegregation on students in a public school district. Racism operated in the district at multiple ontological levels – such as interpersonal microaggressions, structural economic arrangements, and discursive processes. CRT provided a rationale for the interdisciplinary approach required to track these different manifestations of racism, while maintaining an emphasis on the material reality of racism. Having its origins in the field of law, however, CRT provided limited guidance for methodological decisions often required in a social scientific study. The author found posthumanist philosophy of science offered guidance for these decisions in a manner that complemented the philosophical and political commitments of CRT. This essay reflects on the advantages this combination of theories offers for the analysis of institutionalized racism. Illustrations are drawn from the study on school resegregation.     

Re-assembling climate change policy: Materialism,posthumanism, and the policy assemblage

National and international policy-makers have addressed threats to environmental sustainability from climate change and other environmental degradation for over 30 years. However, it is questionable whether current policies are socially, politically, economically, and scientifically capable of adequately resolving these threats to the planet and living organisms. In this paper we theorize and develop the concept of a “policy assemblage” from within a new materialist ontology, to interrogate critically four policy perspectives on climate change: “liberal environmentalism”; the United Nations policy statements on sustainable development; “green capitalism” (also known as “climate capitalism”) and finally “no-growth economics.” A materialist analysis of interactions between climate change and policies enables us to establish what each policy can do, what it ignores or omits, and consequently its adequacy to address environmental sustainability in the face of climate change. None, we conclude, is adequate or appropriate to address climate change successfully. We then use this conceptual tool to establish a “posthuman” policy on climate change. Humans, from this perspective, are part of the environment, not separate from or in opposition to it, but possess unique capacities that we suggest are now necessary to address climate change. This ontology supplies the starting point from which to establish sociologically a scientifically, socially, and politically adequate posthuman climate change policy. We offer suggestions for the constituent elements of such a policy.     

后人类主义视域下中国科幻电影的两条路径——《流浪地球》与《疯狂的外星人》之比较

科幻电影是当今世界最重要的电影类型之一.西方学术界晚近兴起的后人类主义,与科幻电影相互建构,为理解科幻电影提供了理论视野和研究方法6随着我国电影工业化水平的提升,《流浪地球》和《疯狂的外星人》两部科幻佳作相继问世,为舶来的科幻电影"中国化"发展指出了两条路径:其一是对科幻危机的拯救提出中国方案,其二则是对西方科幻神话进行彻底的祛魅.尽管两条路径的艺术表现形式大相径庭,对科幻的理解也各不相同,然而两条路径又大抵殊途同归,都致力于促进民族电影工业的振兴和探索"中国式"的科幻电影和科幻文化.