“西方马克思主义”已经终结了吗?——与张一兵教授商榷

张一兵教授及其同仁认为,法国1968年的学潮和阿多诺的《否定辩证法》标志着西方马克思主义思潮在政治上和哲学上已经终结。笔者对此观点提出质疑,认为《否定辩证法》对概念拜物教的批判是物化和异化批判传统的继续,女性主义和生态主义马克思主义以及后马克思主义虽然与经典马克思主义存在着明显的反差,但不意味西方马克思主义传统的终结,而是意味着它的转型。西方马克思主义传统不是一成不变的,它原来的“他者之镜”是苏联式的马克思主义,它今天的“他者之镜”是资产阶级自由主义意识形态。只要西方国家还有思想流派对马克思主义传统、对马克思的事业和社会理想保持着某种理论和实践的忠诚,西方马克思主义这一知识潮流就没有终结。     

"解放了社会,也就解放了自己"——鲁迅、胡适论女性解放

中国女性一直生活在社会的最底层,她们除了要受到政权、族权、神权的统治之外,还要受到夫权的压迫.对此,作为中国现代文化宗师的鲁迅与胡适分别对中国女性生存的历史和现实作出了全面的考察,对压制中国女性的男权文化进行了系统而深刻的批判,并对中国的女性解放事业提出了具有针对性和前瞻性的建议.     

Feminist power and its implications on Uganda’s malaria communication campaign

This paper examines power and its manifestation in Uganda’s “Stop Malaria Campaign.” It specifically questions the apparent radical feminism, which is conceptualized as a quest for power, and how such excesses drive implementation of the campaign. The paper explains data collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews using feminist communication theory as informed by the critical ideas of feminism and power. These three ideas help to put into perspective: domination of the campaign by one gender, interpretation of the campaign’s objectives to suit that one gender, and communication methods used in the campaign. Analysis of the above three processes shows that men are the weaker gender in the malaria prevention drive, an idea that has clashed with the existing male chauvinism on which several families still thrive in Africa. A view that radical feminism should be seen as an organized form of power that needs to be checked if Uganda’s malaria communication campaign is to be implemented successfully is herein proposed, along with some solutions to the challenges.     

人际关系：社会关系的否定

人的关系活动本身即有二重性,“制度化互动”中包含着“个性化互动”,而人的主体性又必然地使其活动实现着自身的目的乃至全部存在,使社会关系情感化、个性化。由此,人们在人际互动中由其共同性的发现、认可而产生亲切、喜爱之类情感体验和评价,这其实是人的自我认同、自我肯定。从社会关系到人际关系,凸现了人的主体性存在,否定着理性化的现实以及社会学秩序的大叙事,在后现代的语境,它才是现实的、可能的。     

Social inclusion in research: reflecting on a research project involving young mothers in care

This article considers social inclusion in research by reflecting upon a project involving young mothers in care, which used grounded theory methodology (GTM) to theorise their situations and emphasise their voice, a key issue in inclusion, and yielded mixed outcomes. GTM dealt poorly with inclusivity and was supplemented by a feminist orientation. This also failed young mothers. They were included by sitting on an Advisory Com-mittee, being paid an honorarium and assisting in disseminating results. These efforts were unable to overturn power dynamics that privileged researchers' ownership of the findings, and enabled them to benefit from doing research and their rela-tionship with funders. The attempt to change policies and practices that served clients badly was thwarted by an election that brought in a régime with different goals. The young women authored their own stories and spoke authoritatively of their experiences. However, inclusion was not fully secured in and by the research process. Their positioning as research subjects curtailed their potential in this regard.     

The Visibility of Feminist Thought in Family Studies

We assessed feminist visibility in family journals by tallying the feminist content of articles in Journal of Marriage and Family, Journal of Family Issues, and Family Relations. There was an increase in feminist visibility from 1972 to 1992, at which point the growth of visibility stalled. From 1992 to 2002, almost 1 out of 4 articles appeared to be influenced, at least minimally, by feminist scholarship when including in our tally a measure of articles' mentioning of gender in its abstract or title without a detectable feminist perspective in the article. Only about 6% of articles, however, involved an explicit feminist analysis. We offer explanations for this apparent glass ceiling for feminist visibility and make suggestions for future research.     

伊斯兰世界女权主义及妇女运动

伊斯兰女权学说与妇女运动的产生,是伊斯兰世界现代社会发展的产物。以民族主义为依托,是早期伊斯兰女权思想产生与妇女运动发展的基本特点。在现代发展过程中,民族国家的建立,伊斯兰复兴运动的发展,以及现代家庭法的改革,皆影响到伊斯兰世界女权运动的发展态势,出现了世俗女权主义、伊斯兰女权主义与穆斯林女权主义的划分,这些不同的妇女组织分别以世俗的、宗教的或者民族的话语,从各自角度表达穆斯林妇女的权利要求,推动了伊斯兰世界穆斯林女性权利意识的发展。     

现代性与后现代的缠绕及其出路

后现代在当代中国的历史不只是紊乱,而且被严重扭曲和涂改。如果说在后现代话语初起阶段,人们还并不能梳理清楚二者之间的关系;或者说为了给新的理论话语创建一个崭新的形象,而夸大了二者之间的对立和裂痕,那么,全部理论发展至今,就没有理由还在二者之间制造人为的冲突。在我看来,后现代并不是对现代性简单的抛弃和颠覆,而是在更加合理和从容的境况中,对现代性的修正、拓展和精细化。当代中国文学创作实践中表现出的困扰,也显示了重新建构后现代的思想视野和审美表现力的迫切需要。     

简论老舍女性观的时代精神

老舍擅于从伦理意识的角度来展示女性命运,并对女性深层心理进行深入挖掘,由此抨击封建伦理意识对人性的压抑和扭曲,以期唤醒女性"人性"的复归和人的意识的张扬。     

A question of perception: Bourdieu, art and the postmodern

Bourdieu and Darbel's classic study of European art museum audiences, The Love of Art (1991), remains one of the most influential academic studies of the social indices of art perception. Its findings were central to Bourdieu's on-going study of culture-mediated power relations, as found in the book Distinction (Bourdieu 1984), as well as social surveys of the behaviour of museum audiences across the world. Much in Bourdieu's account of art perception, however, has begun to appear dated and in need of supplementation. This paper will be a critical but sympathetic re-reading of Bourdieu's sociology of art perception in the light of recent criticisms of his approach. Whilst fine art and its institutions continue to function as sources of social identification and differentiation, this paper argues that the relationship between perception and stratification is somewhat looser than connoted in Bourdieu's work. Beyond the shift to a less rigid taxonomy of social formations, the immense expansion of the visual arts complex has opened up possibilities for the dissemination of art knowledge beyond the cultivated bourgeois. The erosion of boundaries between the aesthetic and the economic, between art and popular culture, are the result of processes of commodification that have placed museums alongside shopping malls within the realms of consumption and entertainment. New audiences have emerged from this mix with less dichotomized - that is, either cultivated or popular - ways of seeing culture that suggest a revision of Bourdieu's overly integrated account of class and cognition. An alternative, 'postmodern', approach to art perception is entertained, where an aesthetics of distinction is replaced by a culture of distraction, but this abstracts culture from any structural grounding. Capturing the shift to an accelerated cultural present, instead, requires a warping of Bourdieu's categories to account for broader patterns of culture and economy and the accentuation of modern visual culture.