论华中抗日根据地基层政权的民主选举—以乡选为中心的考察

为从根本上改造基层政权,中国共产党领导下的华中抗日根据地广泛开展了一场轰轰烈烈的民主选举运动。根据地颁布了一系列法令、条例,使选举规范化;人民群众在实践中也充分发挥智慧创造了适合自己的选举方式。选举体现了广泛性、平等性、真实性的特点。这一运动使基层政权性质彻底改变,为争取抗战乃至整个新民主主义革命的胜利提供了重要保证。     

Gender,lineage, and fertility‐related outcomes in Ghana

A growing literature examines the empirical relationship between the joint reproductive preferences of marital partners and reproductive outcomes in Africa. Less explored is how spousal power in decision making may be influenced by lineage type. Using pooled data from Ghana, we investigate how lineage affects gendered reproductive decision outcomes and find some evidence that matrilineal women are more able than nonmatrilineal women to translate their reproductive preferences into action consistent with their goals.     

治安管理处罚方式的新发展

处罚方式是关于具体的处罚手段与类型的法律规定,在治安管理处罚中具有非常重要的作用。随着社会主体多元化,社会关系复杂化,治安管理处罚方式必然要多样化。国外的社区矫正制度尤其值得借鉴。     

Scheduling Updates of Probabilistic Risk Assessments: The Arkansas Nuclear One-Unit 1 Experience

This paper presents the results of a study that identified how often a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA)should be updated to accommodate the changes that take place at nuclear power plants. Based on a 7-year analysis of design and procedural changes at one plant, we consider 5 years to be the maximum interval for updating PRAs. This conclusion is preliminary because it is based on the review of changes that occurred at a single plant, and it addresses only PRAs that involve a Level 1 analysis (i.e., a PRA including calculation of core damage frequency only). Nevertheless, this conclusion indicates that maintaining a useful PRA requires periodic updating efforts. However, the need for this periodic update stems only partly from the number of changes that can be expected to take place at nuclear power plants–changes that individually have only a moderate to minor impact on the PRA, but whose combined impact is substantial and necessitates a PRA update. Additionally, a comparison of two generations of PRAs performed about 5 years apart indicates that PRAs must be periodically updated to reflect the evolution of PRA methods. The most desirable updating interval depends on these two technical considerations as well as the cost of updating the PRA. (Cost considerations, however, were beyond the scope of this study.)     

孙皓时期皇权的强化及其与儒学朝臣冲突的加剧——孙吴后期政治史研究之二

252年孙权去世,孙吴皇权一度旁落。孙皓继位后,清除权臣,政由己出,一度整肃朝政,颇得赞誉。不过,作为孙吴末代专制君主,孙皓地位稳固后,努力强化皇权,主要表现为重用佞幸小人,加强对儒学朝臣的监察,迁徙都城,甚至无端地兴师北伐以搏取声望。在生活上,孙皓则荒淫奢靡,并无稳定社会、增强国力、体恤百姓的愿望与举措,引起了儒学士大夫的激烈抗争。对士大夫社会的清议之士,孙皓多有杀戮之举。士大夫社会的疏离,动摇了孙吴统治的基础。     

民族地区县级政府竞争：路径选择与制度安排

我国地方政府竞争的趋势将愈演愈烈,地方政府竞争带来了不同的竞争效应。文章对地方政府竞争模型的反思入手,分析了民族地区政府竞争的特征和存在问题的基础上,提出了民族地区提升政府竞争力的路径选择:以提升制度竞争力为先,推进市场、产品等要素建设;并对民族地区政府竞争提出相应的制度和政策安排。     

构建我国错案责任追究制度的立论基础

权力制约理论是错案责任追究制度近代化、理性化的科学依据 ,也是构建我国错案责任追究制度的理论基础。我国文化传统的惯性和特殊的社会结构是构建我国错案责任追制度的现实基础 ;实体正义与程序正义并重则是我们构建这一制度的价值基础     

一种程控标准信号源的设计

介绍了用间接频率合成器（IS）、数字波形发生器以及程控衰减器等构成的标准信号源，该信号源只要加上功率放大器，即可实现电力检测仪表最先进的校验技术中的程控标准功率源。整个系统以单片机为控制核心，实现了频率、相位、幅值的数显及步进调整。     

论"官本位"意识的产生及危害

“官本位”意识的产生与封建等级制度密切相关 ,其思想基础就是封建等级观念。“官本位”意识是官僚主义、形式主义的思想根源。要刹住官僚主义、形式主义这两股歪风 ,必须采取有力措施消除“官本位”意识     

试论行政行为实质确定力的相对性

是否应该享有撤销原行政行为的权力 ,日渐成为依法行政进程中迫切需要弄清的行政主体的一个重要问题。文章以此为着眼点 ,冷静地分析了行政主体撤销权存在的必要性与对其进行积极规范的必要性 ,并提出对行政行为实质确定力和相对性进行限制和规范的方法与途径。