铜、镉、汞对水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的:研究必需元素Cu2+和非必需元素Cd2+、Hg2+对水稻幼苗生长的影响,探讨水稻抵抗重金属毒害的机理.方法:用质量浓度为0.25 mmol/L、0.5 mmol/L、1.0 mmol/L重金属离子溶液滴灌水稻幼苗,测定处理后幼苗根和叶的长度,蛋白质和叶绿素含量,过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性及过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的表达变化.结果:重金属离子抑制水稻幼苗生长,降低幼苗根和叶可溶性蛋白含量,增强了根、叶POD活性和根系SOD活性;Cu2+增强幼苗叶SOD活性,而Cd2+和Hg2+抑制幼苗叶SOD活性.不同浓度Cd2+降低水稻幼苗叶绿素含量;不同浓度Hg2+降低幼苗根和叶CAT活性;Cd2+增强根CAT活性,但抑制叶CAT活性;随着Cu2+浓度增大而逐渐减弱根和叶CAT活性.POD与SOD同工酶电泳结果与其活性检测相一致.结论:Cu2+、Cd2+、Hg2+处理对水稻幼苗POD、SOD和CAT活性的影响与重金属种类和浓度有关并存在器官特异性.水稻幼苗表现出抗氧化活性增加和减少两种情况,说明抗氧化系统不仅具有解毒功能,同时还是Cd2+、Cu2+和Hg2+对植物产生毒性的作用位点.     

Parallels Between Objective Indicators and Subjective Perceptions of Quality of Life: A Study of Metropolitan and County Areas in Taiwan

This study explores the consistency between objective indicators and subjective perceptions of quality of life in a ranking of survey data for cities and counties in Taiwan. Data used for analysis included the Statistical Yearbook of Hsiens and Municipalities and the Survey on Living Conditions of Citizens in Taiwan, both given for the year 2000. The Quality of life was examined in seven domains: medical services, domestic finances, work, education, leisure, public safety, and environmental quality. Subjective and objective rankings for each domain of quality of life for 23 areas (some areas are cities and some are counties) are compared. Analysis by means of nonparametric correlation coefficients indicates that there is no significant correlation between objective indicators and subjective perceptions, except in Education and Environmental Quality. Objective indicators of Environmental Quality (air pollution and garbage) are positively correlated with subjective satisfaction with residential environment. But inexplicably, higher levels of literacy and educational achievement are negatively correlated with satisfaction with the educational system. It may be considered that disparity in either average objective conditions or in average subjective perceptions may not adequately depict quality of life differences.

Measuring Active Citizenship through the Development of a Composite Indicator

This article defines Active Citizenship within a European context as a broad range of value based participation. It develops a framework for measuring this phenomenon which combines the four dimensions of Protest and Social Change, Community Life, Representative Democracy and Democratic values. The European Social Survey 2002 is used to populate the framework as this survey provided the best data coverage available and covered 19 European Countries. In total 61 indicators were selected. A composite indicator (CI), The Active Citizenship Composite Indicator (ACCI), is built using the framework provided and using experts’ weights. In addition, the robustness of the results is tested using sensitivity analysis. The limitations to the ACCI are explained in terms of the limitation of the data availability in particular concerning the new forms of participation and less organised forms of participation. Nevertheless, ACCI proved to be statistically robust and reliable and proved to be a useful tool for monitoring levels of citizenship in Europe. The results of ACCI exhibit interesting and quite distinct regional patterns. The results showed that the Nordic countries, and in particular Sweden, have the highest rate of Active Citizenship, followed by Central Europe and Anglo-Saxon countries. Mediterranean countries are next followed by Eastern European countries that close the ranking.

Happiness is not Enough: Cognitive Judgements as Indicators of National Wellbeing

The European Social Survey, on which this issue of the journal focuses, is a 30-nation multi-funded survey series measuring attitude change. Started in 2001, it is characterised by unusually high standards of sampling and data equivalence. Its data are made available on-line with equal access to all, and have already attracted over 20,000 users. Many papers, articles and books based on the ESS have already appeared. But none has yet employed the data—whether alone or with other sources—to derive indicators of citizens’ cognitive judgements of their society. A recent EC grant is enabling the authors to fill this gap, covering topics such as trust in national institutions, tolerance, social cohesion, social trust and fear of crime. The aim is to be able to monitor changes over time in the distance between what citizens believe their society ought to be in these respects and how they actually perceive it to be.

区域金融竞争力指标体系构建

在金融竞争力涵义和指标体系研究评述的基础上,以金融资源论为依据,以金融资源的可持续利用与发展为原则,针对中国金融资源配置的特点和金融发展的阶段,从动态和静态两个角度构建金融体系和金融生态竞争力评价的指标体系;并指出在评价时应充分考虑统计资料的可取性和评价方法的合理性。     

大学知识能力及其测度指标体系初探

针对知识经济的发展对大学提出的挑战,指出大学知识管理的重要性。提出大学知识能力是大学核心竞争力的理念。根据大学知识能力的内涵,初步阐释了构建大学知识能力测度指标体系主要由知识的生产能力、知识传播能力和知识应用能力三个一级指标构成的思路。     

国内外对学习型社会研究的现状评述及展望

追溯学习型社会的提出与发展历程;概述国内外对学习型社会内涵和基本特征、学习型社会与终身学习和终身教育的关系、构建学习型社会的路径和措施、学习型社会指标体系等的研究现状和有关观点。目前学习型社会研究存在三个方面的不足：一是理论研究深度不够,仍处于一种众说纷纭的摸索阶段;二是缺乏对构建学习型社会典型模式、路径的总结归纳和推广应用;三是缺乏学习型社会评价指标和评价方法的研究。针对这些不足之处,建议今后对学习型社会的研究理论上要继续深化,建立完善的理论框架体系;加强对构建学习型社会路径和典型模式的研究;加强对学习型社会指标体系和测度方法的实证研究;加强对构建学习型社会政策法律保障的研究。     

企业信用评估方法研究——基于陕西上市公司的实证分析

为了用多指标综合评价模型评价企业信用状况,通过引入多元统计分析中的主成分分析法,按照包含信息量的大小对主分量加权综合。并基于采集的陕西省26个上市公司的数据进行实证分析,验证了模型,得到了较为满意的结果,结论符合企业的实际情况。     

上海城乡一体化指标体系构建与实证分析

促进城乡一体化建设是我国现阶段的重要任务。本文通过社会构成四要素设计城乡一体化评价指标体系,采用主成分分析法和AHP法来综合测算2005-2011年上海城乡一体化发展水平。从测算结果可以看出,近年来上海城乡一体化水平逐渐下降,城乡融合度降低。其主要原因在于,尽管城市与农村环境、人口、生产、文化都在逐年改善,但城市发展速度快于农村,导致城乡差距逐渐拉大。最后,本文提出逐步提高上海城乡一体化程度的政策建议。     

基于债权人的非财务指标重要程度研究

国内外从未有人从债权人角度进行过非财务指标重要程度排序研究和分组研究,本文从债权人角度出发,对债权人所关注的反映其利益要求和实现方式信息的非财务指标的重要程度进行了排序研究和分组研究,研究得出结论：不同类的反映债权人利益要求和实现方式信息的非财务指标对债权人的重要程度存在显著差异;企业因素产生了债权人同一类反映其利益要求和实现方式,信息的非财务指标重要程度差异。