国外创新效率度量的功能框架及其对中国的借鉴

随着创新在一国经济发展中的作用日益突出,各国政府对于国家创新绩效的度量越来越重视。与传统的侧重于创新投入与产出的度量方法不同,国外最近出现了一种全新的度量方法即度量国家创新效率的功能框架。这种度量的功能框架围绕创新过程中的知识获取、稳固、扩散、创造与运用这五大系统功能展开,从能力与绩效两方面入手构建创新效率指数。本文主要对这种功能框架做简要介绍,在此基础上指出对我国创新驱动发展效率评价和政策制定的借鉴意义。     

健康社区及其测量指标体系的概念框架

健康社区建设运动和研究在西方社会开展已有数年,但在中国却没有引起足够重视。在文献整合分析的基础上,文章通过对健康社区建设运动、弹性和可持续性等理论的分析和研究,探讨了健康社区的基本概念和建设健康社区的基本原则,分析了健康社区与弹性、可持续发展的相互关系,最后构建了健康社区测量的基本流程和其指标体系概念框架,并讨论了健康社区指标和测量的评估问题。     

Housing Well-Being: Developing and Validating a Measure

Housing well-being refers to the home resident’s cumulative positive and negative affect associated with the purchase, preparation, ownership, use, and maintenance of the current home, and the selling of the previous home. Housing well-being is assumed to occur when the home is bought with the least amount of effort (purchase), the home is prepared for use to meet the needs of the new occupants (preparation), ownership signals status and enhances the home owner’s financial portfolio (ownership), the home serves the housing needs of the residents (use), the maintenance, renovation, and repair in the home are minimal, least costly, and effortless (maintenance), and the sale of the home is transacted with the least amount of effort and most financial gain (selling). Based on this conceptualization of housing well-being, we conducted an exploratory study to identify the sources of satisfaction related to the purchase, preparation, ownership, use, and maintenance of the current home, and the selling of the previous home. The exploratory study also helped us articulate a theoretical model describing the interrelationships among the housing well-being constructs and their consequence: the perceived quality-of-life (QOL) impact of the home. The exploratory study helped us also to develop survey measures, which in turn were validated through two additional studies involving surveys of home owners in the US and Korea.     

Rural population density: its impact on social and demographic aspects of rural communities

Using the settled areas of South Australia as a case study, this paper seeks to demonstrate the specific importance of rural population and settlement density as an important variable in understanding the social, population and settlement geography of sparsely settled rural regions, where sparse and falling density presents both practical and conceptual problems for rural planners. After a review of the literature on population density, the case is argued for the use of net rural rather than gross density in the analysis of settlement patterns. The paper then tests a series of hypotheses on the empirical relationship between rural density as independent variable and selected demographic and socio-economic indicators as dependent variables, at two specific points in time. For the same region, points in time and set of indicators, it goes on to compare the predictive power of rural density as an independent variable with that of three other important qualities of rural settlement patterns (remoteness, settlement size and urban concentration). Rural density is found to be a significant explanatory variable, both in its own right and in comparison with the three other variables tested. In conclusion, the findings are related to policy development measures for rural Australia.     

教育指标:概念的争议

目前学术界进行的教育指标研究,较多地注意了教育指标体系的设计与报告,忽视了对教育指标自身理论问题的研究与反思。本文以"社会指标运动"以来的思想资源为基础,比较全面地分析了教育指标的概念争论,探讨了教育指标究竟应该是评价指标还是统计指标,是描述指标还是分析指标,是中立指标还是立场指标?并提出了客观地呈现概念的多元化纷争是对教育指标最清晰定义的新观点。     

中国钢铁企业生态化研究

 建立了由19个指标、权重和基准值及指数计算方法组成的钢铁企业生态化程度评价方法，试算了国内三家大型钢铁企业与新日铁的生态化程度，结果说明三家企业生态化程度已达到较高水平，同时也说明本研究确定的指标评价体系有很大的实际应用价值。     

生活质量主观指标的发展及其研究

生活质量主要体现为客观指标和主观指标。包含人们对生活的幸福感体验与满意度的主面指标在发达国家和地区广泛流行,真正体现了以人为本的发展观。生活质量主观指标起源于20世纪初的美国,并在80年代以后逐渐趋于成熟。一些国际组织都采用了主观指标或建立了自己的指标体系来衡量一个国家或地区的生活质量。作为主观指标发源地的美国,在其研究与应用上一直处于世界领先地位,欧洲一些国家紧随其后,亚洲也开始了对人全面关怀的步伐。     

What is a Healthy Sustainable Built Environment? Developing Evidence-Based Healthy Built Environment Indicators for Policy-Makers and Practitioners

Abstract

Healthy built environments place people and communities at the heart of urban planning, encouraging decision-making based on human health, well-being and environmental sustainability. This paper describes the development of a set of indicators to assist in this endeavour—by translating and linking the research evidence base with policy-makers and other practitioners. The paper describes how the indicators were chosen, contextualized and subsequently structured to maximize useability for urban planners and health professionals working together to improve community health and neighbourhood sustainability.