‘Ain't nothin' here in Buffalo’: Residents' perceptions about living in a racially isolated,high-poverty neighborhood

Research documents how spatial location in American metropolitan areas influences individuals' and families' life chances due to differential access to opportunity. Racial residential segregation and concentrated poverty interact to create an especially vulnerable population within American cities. Less research has been performed about the detailed perceptions of residents who live in spatially isolated neighborhoods with high levels of poverty. Using in-depth interviews in a Buffalo, New York, neighborhood, we develop a better understanding of how geographic isolation influences individuals' attitudes about and perceptions of their lives. Respondents discuss subjects ranging from transportation to employment and outline the ways in which concentrated disadvantage impacts their daily lives.     

Puerto Rican Intergroup Marriage and Residential Segregation in the U.S.: A Multilevel Analysis of Structural,Cultural, and Economic Factors

This study examines intermarriage patterns of Puerto Ricans who reside in the United States (referred to as stateside Puerto Ricans) and discusses the implications of these patterns for practice with this community. Because Puerto Ricans experience higher levels of intermarriage than other Latino groups, an analysis of out-marriage factors for Puerto Ricans yields important considerations for the future of Latino integration within U.S. society.     

‘The seal of approval’: referring adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour to community learning disability teams

This article describes a study that involved interviewing eight managers of residential services, who have made referrals to community learning disability teams (CLDTs) for challenging behaviour. Thematic analysis and a critical perspective are combined to analyse and interpret what referrers said about the process of the referral. The study found that managers referred people with intellectual disabilities to the CLDT primarily in order to manage organisational problems rather than to directly manage challenging behaviour. The referrals enlisted the services of professionals to legitimise the residential services, to confirm their practices and to provide credibility to existing decisions by managers. In referring a man or woman with intellectual disabilities to the CLDT, the managers submit themselves, their staff and the person with the intellectual disabilities to the power of the health and psy-complex professionals.     

甘肃省区域经济增长差异及对策选择

运用经济区位商、库兹涅茨比率和层次聚类分析方法,对1990～2004年甘肃省14个地市(州)的人均GDP、居民可支配收入等指标进行分析,在考察了甘肃省区域经济增长差异的现状的基础上,对区域进行了分类研究,并进一步提出了促进甘肃省区域经济协调发展的对策建议.     

基于区位商方法的陕西产业集群识别与检验

在阐述了区位商方法的基础上,运用区位商方法识别了陕西的产业集群,并对识别结果进行了检验,结果表明用此方法识别陕西产业集群是有效的.     

禁忌搜索算法在单分配多枢纽轴辐式物流网络中的应用

随着经济的发展,轴辐式网络因有提高运输效率,优化资源配置,产生范围经济等作用越来越多的受到各方面学者的关注。本文对轴辐式网络进行优化分析,改进轴辐式网络的多重分配多枢纽中位问题模型,得到无容量限制的单分配多枢纽中位问题模型(USApHLP)的混合整数线性规划模型,并采用改进的禁忌搜索智能算法来求解,通过算例验证了禁忌搜索算法可以有效的求解单分配多枢纽中位问题。     

基于Stackelberg博弈的变质物品分销网络设计模型

研究了一类短销售期的变质物品的分销网络设计问题.假定零售商的缺货成本依赖于分配给为其提供服务的分销中心的库存成本,供应商在销售期末给零售商提供第二次订货机会,供应商根据零售商的订货决策确定分销中心的最优选址和确定每个分销中心为哪些零售商提供服务,从而最小化总的运作成本(选址成本,运输成本,库存成本和变质成本),其中分销中心的运输成本和库存成本依赖于零售商确定的订货数量;而零售商则根据供应商的决策确定自身的最优订货决策,利用Stackelberg博弈分析的方法,建立了一类变质物品的分销网络设计模型,并使用拉格朗日松弛算法求解,最后通过数值算例分析了模型最优解对于参数的敏感性.     

低碳政策下多容量等级选址与配送问题研究

本文研究了在供应链运作中考虑不同碳排放政策对于物流企业配送模式的影响,建立了基于碳排放的多容量等级配送中心选址模型,通过研究发现在高排放条件下企业选址呈现小型分散式结构;在低排放条件下企业选址呈大型集中式结构。并从四种不同的碳排放政策角度研究比较这些政策对企业物流配送模式、运营成本和碳排放量的影响,通过对不同排放政策的分析发现在每种政策下政府都可以通过设置适当的策略来引导企业有效的进行节能减排,进而发现企业在碳交易政策下的减排效果较好,也较容易接受这种政策。     

多用途易腐物品配送中心选址问题研究

随着人们对产品品质和食用安全性要求的提高,如何降低易腐物品损失以及提高资源利用率成为一个关键问题。由于易腐物品有显著的时效性,并且部分易腐物品在不同的生命周期阶段有不同用途,根据配送时间和销售商对多用途物品的需求种类以及品质要求,本文研究了多用途易腐物品配送中心选址问题。根据Osvald和Stirn(2008)^[15]的假设,建立了一个有容量限制和货物中转的多用途易腐物品配送中心选址模型;并采用拉格朗日算法求解模型,将其结果与精确解比较,取得了较好的效果。最后,将是否考虑易腐物品时效性和多用途性的两种情况进行比较,得出考虑此两种因素将大大降低易腐物品因时效性带来的损失。     

应急储备库选址与资源配置随机规划模型研究

研究在突发事件多发区域进行应急储备库的选址与资源配置规划问题.假定了若干随机的突发事件情景,每种情景下物资需求量与运输时间不确定,结合情景分析法,建立了一定应急限制期条件下的两阶段随机规划模型,并设计了混合遗传算法对模型进行求解.研究结果不仅找到了最优的选址与资源配置方案,而且发现牺牲需求满足率与应急限制期带来的成本降低是不经济的.